हिंदी का वाक्य ‘‘एक लड़का है” अर्थ और बनावट की दृष्टि से complete है, परंतु इसका अँगरेजी अनुवाद “A boy is” अर्थ और बनावट की दृष्टि से incomplete है।
हिंदी के ऐसे वाक्यों का अनुवाद there लगाकर करते हैं।
उदाहरण के लिए कुछ वाक्य लें और उनका अनुवाद करें
- एक लड़का है। There is a boy.
- दो लड़के हैं। There are two boys.
- लड़के हैं। There are boys.
- दस पेड़ हैं। There are ten trees.
- पानी है। There is water.
- पानी था। There was water.
इन वाक्यों में असली Subjects “There’ के बाद आए हैं तथा Verbs भी असली Subjects के अनुसार Singular या Plural प्रयुक्त हुए हैं।
a boy के लिए is तथा two boys के लिए are का प्रयोग हुआ है। स्पष्टतः इन वाक्यों में There का कोई विशेष अर्थ नहीं है, परंतु Sentence की बनावट की दृष्टि से इसका प्रयोग आवश्यक है।
यहाँ “There’ Subject को introduce करता है, अतः इसे इस प्रकार के प्रयोग की दृष्टि से Introductory “There’ कहते हैं।
“There’ एक Adverb भी है जिसका अर्थ हिंदी में ‘वहाँ’ होता है। जब हिंदी वाक्य में “यहाँ/वहाँ रहता है, तब अनुवाद में अलग से here/there का प्रयोग होता है।
जैसे
- यहाँ लड़का है। There is a boy here.
- वहाँ लड़का है। There is a boy there.
Solved Examples:
एक मंदिर है। There is a temple.
बाग में एक मंदिर है। There is a temple in the garden.
कमरे में दो लड़के हैं। There are two boys in the room.
बक्से में एक सेब है। There is an apple in the box.
नदी में पानी था। There was water in the river.
मेरे प्याले में चाय है। There is tea in my cup.
सड़क पर एक बिल्ली है। There is a cat on the road.
Negative Sentences
Verb के बाद not/no लगाएँ। जब अभीष्ट Noun के पहले Article या संख्यासूचक शब्द हो, तब not लगाएँ; जब Article या संख्यासूचक शब्द न हो, तब no लगाएँ
जैसे
- नदी में पानी नहीं है। There is no water in the river
- वहाँ लड़के नहीं थे। There were no boys there.
- वहाँ चार गायें नहीं थी। There were not four cows there.
- कुएँ में साँप नहीं है। There is not a snake in the well. or, There is no snake in the well.
Interrogative Sentences
Verb को there के पहले रखें।
जैसे
क्या आपके गाँव में एक मंदिर है? Is there a temple in your village?
क्या वहाँ पानी नहीं था? Was there no water there?
क्या वहाँ एक राजा नहीं था? Was there not a king there?
वहाँ पानी क्यों नहीं था? Why was there no water there?
इस बगीचे में फूल क्यों नहीं हैं? Why are there no flowers in this garden?
तुम्हारे गाँव में स्कूल कब था? When was there a school in your village?
1. What is Introductory “There”?
Definition:
Introductory “There” is used at the beginning of a sentence to indicate the existence, presence, or occurrence of something. The real subject usually comes after the verb “be”.
Key Points:
- “There” is not the subject; it introduces the subject that follows.
- Common in both spoken and written English.
- Makes sentences clear when describing presence, quantity, or events.
2. Structure of Sentences with Introductory “There”
| Sentence Type | Structure Example |
|---|---|
| With Singular Subject | There + is + singular noun Example: There is a book on the table. |
| With Plural Subject | There + are + plural noun Example: There are many students in the classroom. |
| With Past Tense | There + was/were + noun Example: There was a huge crowd at the event. |
| With Future Tense | There + will be + noun Example: There will be a meeting tomorrow. |
3. Rules for Using Introductory “There”
- Verb Agreement:
- Use is/was with singular nouns.
- Use are/were with plural nouns.
- Example: There is a cat in the garden. / There are five cats in the garden.
- Tense Usage:
- Present: is / are
- Past: was / were
- Future: will be
- Negation:
- Use not after the verb “be.”
- Example: There is not any milk in the fridge.
- Questions:
- Invert “be” and “there” to form questions.
- Example: Is there a problem? / Were there any mistakes?
- Emphasizing Quantity:
- Can combine with numbers, adjectives, or quantifiers.
- Example: There are several books on the shelf.
4. Examples of Introductory “There”
- Singular Subject (Present): There is a pen on the table.
- Plural Subject (Present): There are many stars in the sky.
- Singular Subject (Past): There was a loud noise last night.
- Plural Subject (Past): There were many people at the party.
- Future Subject: There will be an announcement soon.
- Negation: There is no water in the bottle.
- Question Form: Are there enough chairs for everyone?
5. Practice Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of “be”:
- There ___ a dog in the garden.
- There ___ five apples on the table.
- There ___ a problem yesterday.
- There ___ no milk in the fridge.
- ___ there any mistakes in your work?
Answers can be checked in the downloadable PDF for detailed explanations.
6. Downloadable PDF
For structured learning, rules, examples, and practice exercises, you can download the Introductory “There” PDF. It’s perfect for students, teachers, and competitive exam aspirants.
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