{"id":5944,"date":"2025-06-06T12:13:46","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T12:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diznr.com\/?p=5944"},"modified":"2025-06-06T12:13:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T12:13:46","slug":"oxford-current-english-translation-ex-237-solution-238","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/oxford-current-english-translation-ex-237-solution-238\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxford Current English Translation Ex 237 & 238 Solution"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oxford Current English Translation Ex 237 & 238 Solution<\/p>\n

Narration Direct & Indirect Speech Basic Points, Changing Rules, Examples & Exercise Solution<\/h1>\n
Basic Points of Direct & Indirect Speech<\/b><\/div>\n
\n

Reporting Verb :<\/b>\u00a0Inverted commas \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 Verb \u0915\u094b Reporting Verb \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0 He said, ” i am ready. ” \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901\u00a0 (\u00a0Said<\/b>\u00a0)\u00a0 Reporting Verb \u0939\u0948 \u0964Reported Speech :<\/b>\u00a0Inverted comma \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 Reported Speech \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u00a0 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0 He said, ” i am ready. ”\u00a0 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901\u00a0\u00a0i am ready.<\/b>\u00a0 Reported Speech \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

Verb of the Reported Speech-<\/b>Inverted comma \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 Reported Speech \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u00a0Verb\u00a0<\/b>form<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b Verb of the Reported Speech \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0 He said, ” i am ready. ”\u00a0 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901\u00a0\u00a0Am<\/b>\u00a0Verb of the Reported Speech \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

Most Important Changing Points of Direct & Indirect Speech.<\/b><\/p>\n

Direct Speech \u0915\u094b Indirect Speech \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b\u00a0“General Rules”<\/b>\u00a0\u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b\u00a0“Special Rules”<\/b>
\nGeneral Rules<\/b>\u00a0\u0909\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902\u00a0Special Rules\u00a0<\/b>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

Changing General Rules of Direct & Indirect Speech.<\/b><\/p>\n

General Rules<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/p>\n

1. Change of Person
\n2. Change of Tense
\n3. Change of Other Parts of Speech<\/p>\n

Rule 1 [ Change of Person ] :<\/b><\/p>\n

Direct Speech\u00a0 \u0915\u094b\u00a0 Indirect Speech \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/b>\u00a0\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 Inverted Commas [\u00a0”\u00a0 “<\/b>\u00a0] \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 Person\u00a0(\u00a0First, Second & Third\u00a0)<\/b>\u00a0\u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

1. First Person<\/b>\u00a0( i, me, my, mine, We, us, Our, ours ) Reporting Verb \u0915\u0947\u00a0Subject<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

2. Second Person<\/b>\u00a0( you, your, yours ) Reporting Verb \u0915\u0947\u00a0Object<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

3. Third Person<\/b>\u00a0( He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs ) (\u00a0No change\u00a0<\/b>) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Note :<\/b>\u092f\u0926\u093f Reporting Verb\u00a0Present Tense<\/b>\u00a0\u092f\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0930\u00a0Future Tense<\/b>\u00a0\u092e\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 Direct Speech \u0915\u094b Indirect Speech \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

Reporting Verb \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u00a0Object \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930<\/b>\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 Reporting Verb \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

Say\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tell
\nSays\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tells
\nHas\/have said\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 has\/have told
\nWill\/shall tell\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Will\/shall tell<\/p>\n

Note :\u00a0<\/b>\u092f\u0926\u093f Reporting Verb \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u00a0Object \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947<\/b>, \u0924\u094b Reporting Verb \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0924\u092c \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947<\/p>\n

Say\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Say
\nSays\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Says
\nHas\/have said\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Has\/have said
\nWill\/shall tell\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Will\/shall tell<\/p>\n

Reporting Verb \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u00a0\u00a0to\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e (\u00a0\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/b>\u00a0) \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/p>\n

Inverted Comma<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u00a0\u00a0that<\/b>\u00a0 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u00a0 \u0924\u0925\u093e Inverted Comma \u0915\u094b\u00a0\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

Note :<\/b>\u00a0\u091c\u092c Reporting Verb Present\/Future Tense \u092e\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c Indirect Speech \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092d\u0940 Tense \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u00a0 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

Person<\/b>\u00a0Changing Table of Direct to Indirect Speech.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u00a0table<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u00a0” Persons ”\u00a0<\/b>\u0915\u094b\u00a0Indirect Speech<\/b>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u00a0easily change<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u0964\u00a0 \u0907\u0938 table \u0915\u093e use \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0947\u00a0Narration<\/b>\u00a0\u092e\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 Sentence \u092e\u0947 \u0907\u0938 table \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0942\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u00a0So \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938\u00a0table<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092d\u0940\u00a0Persons<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u00a0\u00a0\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 forms<\/b>\u00a0 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938 Person \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a\u00a0Subject \u092e\u0947\u00a0<\/b>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u00a0\u00a0Object \u092e\u0947\u00a0<\/b>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u00a0Possessive Adjective \u092e\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e Possessive Pronoun \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/b>\u00a0\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938 table \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

Person| Subject | Object | Poss. Adj | Poss. Pro\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 Me\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0My\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 Mine<\/p>\n

We\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0We\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 us\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Our\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Ours<\/p>\n

Person| Subject | Object | Poss. Adj | Poss. Pro<\/p>\n

You\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 You\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0You\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Your\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Yours<\/p>\n

Person| Subject | Object | Poss. Adj | Poss. Pro<\/p>\n

He\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0He\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0Him\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 His\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0His
\nBoy\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0He\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0Him\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 His\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0His
\nRam\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0He\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0Him\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 His\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0His<\/p>\n

She\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 She\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 her\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 her\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 hers
\ngirl\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 She\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0her\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 her\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 hers
\nSita\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 She\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0her\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 her\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0 hers<\/p>\n

Person| Subject | Object | Poss. Adj | Poss. Pro<\/p>\n

They\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0They\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 Them\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Their\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Thers
\nBoys\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0 \u00a0They\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 Them\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Their\u00a0 \u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 Thers<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938 Table \u0915\u094b Example \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u0964<\/b><\/p>\n

Direct Speech :\u00a0<\/b>He says to me, ” i am your friend. ”<\/p>\n

Indirect Speech :\u00a0<\/b>He tells me that he is my friend.<\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u00a0Sentence<\/b>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0\u00a0i<\/b>\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u00a0\u00a0he<\/b>\u00a0 \u0914\u0930\u00a0\u00a0Your<\/b>\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u00a0\u00a0my<\/b>\u00a0 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u0964<\/p>\n

I<\/b>\u00a0 first person \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 Subject (\u00a0He<\/b>\u00a0) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 change \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0964<\/p>\n

I<\/b>\u00a0 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e Subject \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b table \u092e\u0947\u00a0he<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u00a0subject \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u00a0 \u0914\u0930\u00a0table \u092e\u0947<\/b>\u00a0he \u0915\u093e subject\u00a0he<\/b>\u00a0\u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 he \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0914\u0930\u00a0he<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u00a0is<\/b>\u00a0\u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 am \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0is<\/b>\u00a0\u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u00a0\u00a0Your\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0Second Person \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u0964\u00a0 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092f\u0939 Object (\u00a0me<\/b>\u00a0) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 change \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0964<\/p>\n

Your<\/b>\u00a0Table \u092e\u0947\u00a0Possessive Adjective<\/b>\u00a0\u0939\u0948 \u0964\u0964\u0964\u00a0 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b\u00a0me<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u093e Possessive Adjective\u00a0my<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b your \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0964<\/p>\n

Note :<\/b>\u00a0Inverted Comma \u0915\u0947\u00a0\u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930<\/b>\u00a0\u091c\u094b Persons \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 change \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u0964\u0964 \u0914\u0930 Inverted Comma \u0915\u0947\u00a0\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930<\/b>\u00a0\u091c\u094b Person \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 Change \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u092d\u0940\u00a0Sentences<\/b>\u00a0\u0915\u094b\u00a0Direct Speech\u00a0<\/b>\u0938\u0947\u00a0Indirect Speech<\/b>\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u00a0change<\/b> \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Exercise 237 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation book by R.k Sinha.<\/h1>\n
Translate into English ( First in Direct speech & then in Indirect speech )<\/b><\/div>\n
\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Direct speech :<\/b>\u00a0He says,” I am ready.”<\/div>\n
Indirect speech :<\/b>\u00a0He says that he is ready.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 Sentences \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 Direct speech \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 Indirect speech \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says,” I am ready.”<\/div>\n
She says that he is ready.<\/div>\n
\u0924\u0941\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
You say,” I am not guilty.”<\/div>\n
You say that you are not guilty.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says,” I am a farmer.<\/div>\n
Ram says that he is a farmer.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Reeta says,” I know english.”<\/div>\n
Reeta says that She knows english.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u092a\u0922 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says,” I am reading.”<\/div>\n
She says that She is reading.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
They say,” We are hungry.”<\/div>\n
They say that they are hungry.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says,” I did not go there.”<\/div>\n
Ram says that he did not go there.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090a\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says,” I shall go to school.”<\/div>\n
She says that She will go to school.<\/div>\n
\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/div>\n
Geeta says,” I have read.”<\/div>\n
Geeta says that She has ready.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0916\u0947\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
They say,” We were playing.”<\/div>\n
They say that they were playing.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u0922 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Rahim says,” I can read english.”<\/div>\n
Rahim says that he can read english.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says,” I live in india.”<\/div>\n
She says that she lives in india.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u0964<\/div>\n
They say,” We shall go tomorrow.”<\/div>\n
They say that they will go tomorrow.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0948 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0940\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/div>\n
I say,” I have not beaten him.”<\/div>\n
I say that I have not beaten him.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u095c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
He says to me,” I am your neighbour.”<\/div>\n
He tells me that he is my neighbour.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says to me,” I know you.”<\/div>\n
She tells me that She knows me.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says to sita,” I know you.”<\/div>\n
Ram tells sita that he knows her.<\/div>\n
\u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Sita says to Ram,” I know you.”<\/div>\n
Sita tells Ram that She knows him.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
He says to me,” I can help you.”<\/div>\n
He tells me that he can help me.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says to me,” Sita is not your sister.”<\/div>\n
Ram tells me that Sita is not my sister.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says to me,” I love you.”<\/div>\n
She tells me that she loves me.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093e\u090a\u0901\u0917\u093e \u0964<\/div>\n
He says to me,” I shall teach you.”<\/div>\n
He tells me that he will teach me.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
He will say,” I am ready.”<\/div>\n
He will say that he is ready.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
He will say to me,” I am ready for you.”<\/div>\n
He will tell me that he is ready for you.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
They say to me,” We are your friends.”<\/div>\n
They tell me that they are my friends.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0906\u092a\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
I say to them,” I am your friend.”<\/div>\n
I tell them that I am their friend.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
He says,” I am not his friend.”<\/div>\n
He says that he is not his friend.<\/div>\n

Exercise 238 Solution of Oxford Current English Translation book by R.k Sinha.<\/h2>\n
Translate into English using Indirect form of speech<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0907\u0938 Exercise \u0915\u094b Book \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 “Indirect speech” \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 Direct \u0914\u0930 Indirect \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0964\u0964 Book \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 Exercise \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 Indirect speech \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Direct speech :<\/b>\u00a0He says,” I am hungry.”<\/div>\n
Indirect speech :<\/b>\u00a0He says that he is hungry.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
She says,” I am beautiful.”<\/div>\n
She says that She is beautiful.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Raj says,” I am a singer.”<\/div>\n
Raj says that he is a singer.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0964<\/div>\n
Reeta says,” I was a dancer.”<\/div>\n
Reeta says that she was a dancer.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
They say,” We are working.”<\/div>\n
They say that they are working.<\/div>\n
\u0932\u095c\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0916\u0947\u0932\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
The boys say,” We are to play.”<\/div>\n
The boys say that they are to play.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says,” I did not go there.”<\/div>\n
Ram says that he did not go there.<\/div>\n
\u0936\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0915\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090a\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u0964<\/div>\n
Sharda says,” I shall not go to school tomorrow.”<\/div>\n
Sharda says that she will not go to school tomorrow.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/div>\n
Mohan says,” I have a car.”<\/div>\n
Mohan says that he has a car.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Radha says,” I can do this work.”<\/div>\n
Radha says that she can do this work.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u0964<\/div>\n
He says to me,” I did not abuse you.”<\/div>\n
He tells me that he did not abuse me.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Ram says to me,” I am your friend.”<\/div>\n
Ram tells me that he is my friend.<\/div>\n
\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0964<\/div>\n
Reeta says to me,” I love you.”<\/div>\n
Reeta tells me that she loves me.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0901\u0917\u093e \u0964<\/div>\n
He says to me,” I shall help you.”<\/div>\n
He tells me that he will help me.<\/div>\n
\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/div>\n
They will say to me,” We are ready for you.”<\/div>\n
They will tell me that they are ready for me.<\/div>\n
\n

Exercises 237 and 238 in the Oxford Current English Translation<\/em> book by R.K. Sinha focus on the nuances of direct and indirect speech (narration). Here’s a detailed explanation and solutions for these exercises:<\/p>\n

Key Concepts in Direct and Indirect Speech:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Reporting Verb:<\/strong> The verb outside the quotation marks in a sentence. For example, in “He said, ‘I am ready.'”, “said” is the reporting verb.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Reported Speech:<\/strong> The sentence within the quotation marks. For example, in “He said, ‘I am ready.'”, “I am ready.” is the reported speech.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Exercise 237: Converting Direct Speech to Indirect Speech<\/strong><\/p>\n

    This exercise involves transforming sentences from direct to indirect speech. Key changes include adjusting pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions.<\/p>\n

    Examples:<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Direct:<\/strong> He said, “I am going to the market.”<\/p>\n