Day 01Part 03- Operating System Difference between programs and processes.<\/p>\n
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In an Operating System (OS)<\/strong>, the terms Program<\/strong> and Process<\/strong> are often confused, but they are quite different. Let’s break it down!<\/p>\n A program<\/strong> is a passive entity<\/strong> that contains a set of instructions<\/strong> written in a programming language (like C, Java, Python) that tells the computer what to do. It is stored on disk or memory but does not execute by itself.<\/p>\n \u2714 Example:<\/strong> A \u2714 Key Characteristics:<\/strong> \u2705 Static in nature.<\/p>\n A process<\/strong> is an active entity<\/strong> that represents a running instance of a program<\/strong>. When a program is executed, the OS loads it into memory (RAM)<\/strong>, assigns system resources, and creates a process.<\/p>\n \u2714 Example:<\/strong> When you open Google Chrome, the program file ( \u2714 Key Characteristics:<\/strong> Would you like more details on Process States or Process Scheduling in OS<\/strong>?<\/p>\n Here’s a clear explanation of “Day 01 \u2013 Part 03: Difference between Programs and Processes”<\/strong> in the context of an Operating System<\/strong>, useful for beginners, B.Tech students, and GATE aspirants:<\/p>\n (\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e – Operating System)<\/strong><\/p>\n Program<\/strong>: Process<\/strong>: \u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u090f\u0915 Process<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (execution \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \ud83d\udca1 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 Program \u0915\u0947 multiple processes<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 OS manages processes<\/strong>, not just programs<\/p>\n<\/li>\n CPU scheduling, memory allocation, I\/O \u2014 \u0938\u092c process-level<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0939\u0930 process \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e Process ID (PID)<\/strong>, memory, and context \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \ud83d\udfe2 Program<\/strong> = Passive + Static<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \ud83d\udd34 Process<\/strong> = Active + Dynamic<\/p>\n<\/li>\n OS \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c running processes \u0915\u094b handle \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, stored programs \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Would you like:<\/p>\n A PDF Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\u00a0What is a Program?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
.exe<\/code> file on your computer is a program.<\/p>\n
\u2705 Stored as a file (not executing).
\u2705 Does not consume CPU or memory until executed.<\/p>\n\u00a0What is a Process?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
chrome.exe<\/code>) runs as multiple processes<\/strong> to handle different tabs.<\/p>\n
\u2705 Requires CPU and memory.
\u2705 Dynamic in nature (changes during execution).
\u2705 Has a Process ID (PID)<\/strong> assigned by the OS.<\/p>\n\u00a0Key Differences Between Program and Process<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\n \nFeature<\/th>\n Program<\/th>\n Process<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Definition<\/strong><\/td>\n A passive set of instructions.<\/td>\n An active execution of a program.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n State<\/strong><\/td>\n Static (stored in disk).<\/td>\n Dynamic (runs in memory).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Resource Consumption<\/strong><\/td>\n Does not use CPU\/memory.<\/td>\n Uses CPU, memory, I\/O.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Execution<\/strong><\/td>\n Needs to be executed.<\/td>\n Already running.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Example<\/strong><\/td>\n MS Word.exe<\/code> file in disk.<\/td>\nOpened instance of MS Word running in RAM.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u00a0Summary:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\n\ud83d\udcd8 Difference Between Program and Process<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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\n Aspect<\/strong><\/th>\n Program<\/strong><\/th>\n Process<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n \n Definition<\/strong><\/td>\n A passive set of instructions.<\/td>\n An active instance of a program in execution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n State<\/strong><\/td>\n Static (non-living; stored on disk)<\/td>\n Dynamic (running in memory; alive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Stored In<\/strong><\/td>\n Hard disk or any secondary storage<\/td>\n RAM (main memory)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Execution<\/strong><\/td>\n Not executing by itself<\/td>\n Executing \u2014 needs CPU and resources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Lifespan<\/strong><\/td>\n Permanent until deleted<\/td>\n Temporary \u2014 lives during execution only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Type<\/strong><\/td>\n Code or file (e.g., .exe<\/code>, .py<\/code>, .c<\/code>)<\/td>\nActive job\/task (e.g., running a browser)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Multiple Copies<\/strong><\/td>\n One program can have multiple processes<\/td>\n Each process is an instance of a program<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Managed By<\/strong><\/td>\n Stored and managed by the file system<\/td>\n Managed by the Operating System (OS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\ud83e\udde0 Simple Explanation (in Easy Language)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u2014 MS Word, Chrome, Python Script
\u27a4 “Software \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u091c\u094b Hard Disk \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0930\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b OS \u0909\u0938\u0947 memory \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 execute \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948
\u27a4 “\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Chrome \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u2013 \u0935\u0939 Process \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n\ud83d\udccc Example:<\/h3>\n
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notepad.exe<\/code> \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 Program<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 Chrome \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u2192 \u0926\u094b separate processes<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/p>\n
\n\ud83c\udfaf Why is this important in OS?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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\n\ud83d\udd04 Quick Revision Points:<\/h2>\n
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\n\ud83d\udce5 Bonus:<\/h2>\n
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