{"id":2896,"date":"2025-06-09T03:19:20","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T03:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diznr.com\/?p=2896"},"modified":"2025-06-09T03:19:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T03:19:20","slug":"day-07part-06-examples-based-on-bipartite-graph-and-complete-bipartite-graph","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/day-07part-06-examples-based-on-bipartite-graph-and-complete-bipartite-graph\/","title":{"rendered":"Day 07Part 06- Examples based on Bipartite graph and Complete bipartite graph."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Day 07Part 06- Examples based on Bipartite graph and Complete bipartite graph.<\/p>\n<p>[fvplayer id=&#8221;163&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"304\">A <strong data-start=\"2\" data-end=\"21\">Bipartite Graph<\/strong> is a graph whose <strong data-start=\"39\" data-end=\"89\">vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets<\/strong> such that <strong data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"152\">no two vertices within the same set are adjacent<\/strong>. A <strong data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"184\">Complete Bipartite Graph<\/strong> is a special type of bipartite graph where <strong data-start=\"228\" data-end=\"303\">every vertex from one set is connected to every vertex in the other set<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"311\" data-end=\"364\"><strong data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"364\">\u00a0Example 1: Checking If a Graph is Bipartite<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"381\"><strong data-start=\"369\" data-end=\"379\">Graph:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"485\">Consider a graph with vertices <strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"433\">V = {A, B, C, D}<\/strong> and edges <strong data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"484\">E = {(A, C), (A, D), (B, C), (B, D)}<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"506\"><strong data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"504\">Solution:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"789\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"596\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"546\">Divide the vertices into two sets:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"550\" data-end=\"596\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"550\" data-end=\"571\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"571\"><strong data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"562\">Set 1:<\/strong> {A, B}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"596\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"596\"><strong data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"587\">Set 2:<\/strong> {C, D}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"721\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"721\">Each edge connects a vertex in <strong data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"640\">Set 1<\/strong> to a vertex in <strong data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"665\">Set 2<\/strong> (i.e., no two vertices in the same set are adjacent).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"789\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"789\">Since this condition is satisfied, the graph is <strong data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"786\">bipartite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"848\"><strong data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"848\">\u00a0Example 2: Complete Bipartite Graph (K\u2083,\u2084)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"1021\">A <strong data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"884\">Complete Bipartite Graph K\u2098,\u2099<\/strong> has two sets of vertices with <strong data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"920\">m<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"930\">n<\/strong> vertices, where <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"1020\">every vertex in one set is connected to all vertices in the other set<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1039\"><strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1037\">Graph:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1075\">Consider <strong data-start=\"1049\" data-end=\"1057\">K\u2083,\u2084<\/strong>, with two sets:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1154\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1113\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1113\"><strong data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1088\">Set X:<\/strong> {A, B, C} (3 vertices)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1154\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1154\"><strong data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1126\">Set Y:<\/strong> {D, E, F, G} (4 vertices)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1172\"><strong data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1170\">Edges:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1240\">Each vertex from <strong data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1199\">Set X<\/strong> connects to <strong data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1237\">all vertices in Set Y<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1303\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1261\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1261\">A \u2192 {D, E, F, G}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1282\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1282\">B \u2192 {D, E, F, G}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1303\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1285\" data-end=\"1303\">C \u2192 {D, E, F, G}<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1429\">Since every vertex from <strong data-start=\"1329\" data-end=\"1386\">one set is connected to all vertices of the other set<\/strong>, this is a <strong data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1426\">Complete Bipartite Graph<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1459\"><strong data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1457\">\u00a0Key Points:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1460\" data-end=\"1684\"><strong data-start=\"1462\" data-end=\"1575\">A graph is bipartite if it can be colored using two colors without any adjacent nodes sharing the same color.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1578\" \/><strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1682\">A complete bipartite graph K\u2098,\u2099 connects every vertex in one set to every vertex in the other set.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1787\">Would you like more <strong data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1750\">practice problems or algorithmic methods<\/strong> to check if a graph is bipartite?<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1787\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ugcmoocs.inflibnet.ac.in\/assets\/uploads\/1\/39\/994\/et\/P34_M03200219070702023030.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Day 07Part 06- Examples based on Bipartite graph and Complete bipartite graph.<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/math.mit.edu\/~fgotti\/docs\/Courses\/Combinatorial%20Analysis\/29.%20Bipartite%20Graphs\/Bipartite%20Graph.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS Lecture 29: Bipartite Graphs &#8230;<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dagonuniversity.edu.mm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/KhinSandar-Win-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Complete Bipartite Graphs and Their Line Graphs<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.math.uchicago.edu\/~may\/VIGRE\/VIGRE2007\/REUPapers\/FINALAPP\/Salvatore.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bipartite Graphs and Problem Solving<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mpaldridge.github.io\/assets\/pdf\/math30002-lecture3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lecture 3 Bipartite Graphs<\/a><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"239\">Here&#8217;s a clear and simplified explanation for <strong data-start=\"46\" data-end=\"64\">Day 07 Part 06<\/strong> of <strong data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"117\">Discrete Mathematics for Computer Engineering<\/strong>:<br data-start=\"118\" data-end=\"121\" \/><strong data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"187\">Examples based on Bipartite Graph and Complete Bipartite Graph<\/strong> \u2014 ideal for GATE, B.Tech, or competitive exam prep.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"244\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"282\">\ud83c\udfaf <strong data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"282\">What is a Bipartite Graph?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"323\">A <strong data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"305\">Bipartite Graph<\/strong> is a graph where:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"325\" data-end=\"526\">\n<li data-start=\"325\" data-end=\"412\">\n<p data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"412\">The set of vertices <strong data-start=\"347\" data-end=\"388\">can be divided into two disjoint sets<\/strong>, say <strong data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"399\">U<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"409\">V<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"480\">\n<p data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"480\">Every edge connects a vertex from <strong data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"454\">U<\/strong> to a vertex from <strong data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"477\">V<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"481\" data-end=\"526\">\n<p data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"526\">There are <strong data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"525\">no edges within the same set<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"528\" data-end=\"531\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"554\">\u2705 <strong data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"553\">Definition<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"701\">A graph <strong data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"574\">G(V, E)<\/strong> is <strong data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"591\">bipartite<\/strong> if you can color all vertices using <strong data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"640\">2 colors<\/strong> such that <strong data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"679\">no two adjacent vertices<\/strong> share the same color.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"706\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"751\">\ud83e\uddea <strong data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"751\">Example 1: Simple Bipartite Graph<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"758\">Let<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"852\">\n<li data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"785\">\n<p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"785\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">U={u1,u2}U = \\{u_1, u_2\\}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">U<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">{<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"812\">\n<p data-start=\"788\" data-end=\"812\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">V={v1,v2}V = \\{v_1, v_2\\}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">V<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">{<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"852\">\n<p data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"852\">Edges: <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">{(u1,v1),(u2,v2)}\\{(u_1,v_1), (u_2,v_2)\\}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">{(<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"967\">\ud83d\udccc Here, no edge connects <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">u1u_1<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> to <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">u2u_2<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> or <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">v1v_1<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> to <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">v2v_2<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"932\" \/>\u2705 So this is a <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"966\">bipartite graph<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"972\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1022\">\ud83d\udd01 <strong data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1022\">Trick to Check if a Graph is Bipartite<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote data-start=\"1024\" data-end=\"1086\">\n<p data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1086\"><strong data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1064\">If a graph has NO odd-length cycle<\/strong>, it is <strong data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1085\">bipartite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1133\">\u2705 Even-length cycles (like 4, 6) are allowed.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1135\" data-end=\"1138\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1185\">\ud83e\uddf1 <strong data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1185\">What is a Complete Bipartite Graph?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1187\" data-end=\"1245\">A <strong data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1217\">complete bipartite graph<\/strong> is a bipartite graph where:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1313\">\n<li data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1313\">\n<p data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1313\">Every vertex in <strong data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1270\">U<\/strong> is connected to <strong data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1303\">every vertex<\/strong> in <strong data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1312\">V<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1315\" data-end=\"1345\">\u2705 Denoted as <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Km,nK_{m,n}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">m<\/span><span class=\"mpunct mtight\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1386\">\n<li data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1386\">\n<p data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1386\">Where <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">m=\u2223U\u2223m = |U|<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u2223<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">U<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u2223<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">n=\u2223V\u2223n = |V|<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">n<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u2223<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">V<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u2223<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1391\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1454\">\ud83e\uddea <strong data-start=\"1399\" data-end=\"1454\">Example 2: <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">K2,3K_{2,3}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<span class=\"mpunct mtight\">,<\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u2013 Complete Bipartite Graph<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1462\">Let:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1521\">\n<li data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1489\">\n<p data-start=\"1465\" data-end=\"1489\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">U={u1,u2}U = \\{u_1, u_2\\}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">U<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">{<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1521\">\n<p data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1521\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">V={v1,v2,v3}V = \\{v_1, v_2, v_3\\}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">V<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mopen\">{<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1571\">Then edges = all possible pairs between U and V:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1634\">\n<li data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1604\">\n<p data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1604\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">u1\u2192v1,v2,v3u_1 \\to v_1, v_2, v_3<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1634\">\n<p data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1634\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">u2\u2192v1,v2,v3u_2 \\to v_1, v_2, v_3<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mpunct\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1668\">\ud83d\udccc Total edges = <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">2\u00d73=62 \u00d7 3 = 6<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">2<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">3<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1724\">\u2705 This is a <strong data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1724\">complete bipartite graph <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">K2,3K_{2,3}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<span class=\"mpunct mtight\">,<\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1726\" data-end=\"1729\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1768\">\ud83c\udf93 <strong data-start=\"1737\" data-end=\"1768\">GATE-Level Example Question<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1810\"><strong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1776\">Q:<\/strong> Is the following graph bipartite?<\/p>\n<div class=\"contain-inline-size rounded-md border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary\">\n<div class=\"flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-[5px]\">mathematica<\/div>\n<div class=\"sticky top-9\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2\">\n<div class=\"bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs\"><button class=\"flex gap-1 items-center select-none px-4 py-1\" aria-label=\"Copy\">Copy<\/button><span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><button class=\"flex items-center gap-1 px-4 py-1 select-none\">Edit<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"overflow-y-auto p-4\" dir=\"ltr\"><code class=\"whitespace-pre!\"><span class=\"hljs-variable\">Vertices<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"hljs-variable\">A<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-variable\">B<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">C<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">D<\/span><span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"hljs-variable\">Edges<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-operator\">=<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"hljs-variable\">A<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"hljs-variable\">B<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-variable\">B<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">C<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">C<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"hljs-built_in\">D<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">,<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">D<\/span><span class=\"hljs-operator\">-<\/span><span class=\"hljs-variable\">A<\/span><span class=\"hljs-punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1949\">\ud83d\udd01 This forms a <strong data-start=\"1890\" data-end=\"1901\">4-cycle<\/strong> (even-length cycle)<br data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1924\" \/>\u2705 <strong data-start=\"1926\" data-end=\"1933\">Yes<\/strong>, it&#8217;s bipartite<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1951\" data-end=\"1954\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1976\">\ud83d\udcdd Summary Table:<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2444\">\n<thead data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2085\">\n<tr data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2085\">\n<th data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2004\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Type<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2004\" data-end=\"2052\" data-col-size=\"md\">Definition<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2068\" data-col-size=\"md\">Example<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2068\" data-end=\"2085\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Edge Count<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2444\">\n<tr data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2333\">\n<td data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2221\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2197\" data-end=\"2216\">Bipartite Graph<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2270\">Vertices split into two sets, no same-set edge<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2270\" data-end=\"2315\">U = {1,2}, V = {a,b}, Edges = (1,a), (2,b)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2315\" data-end=\"2333\">Depends<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2444\">\n<td data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2360\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2358\">Complete Bipartite<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2360\" data-end=\"2408\" data-col-size=\"md\">Every U connects to every V<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2408\" data-end=\"2425\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">K2,3K_{2,3}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<span class=\"mpunct mtight\">,<\/span>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2444\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">m\u00d7nm \u00d7 n<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2449\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2475\">Let me know if you want:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2476\" data-end=\"2624\">\n<li data-start=\"2476\" data-end=\"2516\">\n<p data-start=\"2478\" data-end=\"2516\"><strong data-start=\"2478\" data-end=\"2514\">Practice problems with solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2550\">\n<p data-start=\"2519\" data-end=\"2550\"><strong data-start=\"2519\" data-end=\"2548\">Graph diagrams (as image)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2551\" data-end=\"2580\">\n<p data-start=\"2553\" data-end=\"2580\"><strong data-start=\"2553\" data-end=\"2578\">MCQs with answer keys<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2581\" data-end=\"2624\">\n<p data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2624\"><strong data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2624\">Python program to check bipartiteness<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2660\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">I can provide visuals or PDFs too!<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2660\"><a href=\"https:\/\/facultyweb.kennesaw.edu\/mlavrov\/courses\/graph-theory\/lecture4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Day 07Part 06- Examples based on Bipartite graph and Complete bipartite graph.<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rupahicollege.co.in\/attendence\/classnotes\/files\/1621403951.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Graph Theory<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Day 07Part 06- Examples based on Bipartite graph and Complete bipartite graph. [fvplayer id=&#8221;163&#8243;] A Bipartite Graph is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets such that no two vertices within the same set are adjacent. A Complete Bipartite Graph is a special type of bipartite graph where every vertex from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-discrete-mathematics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}