{"id":2863,"date":"2025-06-07T15:44:59","date_gmt":"2025-06-07T15:44:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diznr.com\/?p=2863"},"modified":"2025-06-07T15:44:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-07T15:44:59","slug":"toc-theory-of-introduction-computation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/toc-theory-of-introduction-computation\/","title":{"rendered":"TOC Theory Of Computation Introduction."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TOC Theory Of Computation Introduction.<\/p>\n<p>[fvplayer id=&#8221;149&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"52\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"50\">Theory of Computation (TOC) &#8211; Introduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"98\"><strong data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"96\">What is Theory of Computation?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"397\">Theory of Computation (TOC) is a fundamental area of <strong data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"172\">computer science<\/strong> that deals with the <strong data-start=\"193\" data-end=\"231\">mathematical models of computation<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"240\" data-end=\"283\">capabilities &amp; limitations of computers<\/strong>. It focuses on understanding <strong data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"396\">what problems can be solved by computers and how efficiently they can be solved<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"452\"><strong data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"452\">\u00a0Importance of TOC in Computer Science<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"717\">TOC helps in:<br data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"469\" \/>\u00a0Understanding <strong data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"508\">how algorithms work<\/strong> at a fundamental level.<br data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"535\" \/>\u00a0Designing <strong data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"577\">efficient computing models<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"581\" \/>\u00a0Understanding <strong data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"626\">the limits of computation<\/strong> (what problems are unsolvable).<br data-start=\"658\" data-end=\"661\" \/>\u00a0Optimizing compilers, AI, and cryptographic systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"752\"><strong data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"750\">Real-World Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"1009\">\n<li data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"810\"><strong data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"774\">Compiler Design<\/strong> (Lexical analysis, parsing, etc.)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"879\"><strong data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"840\">Artificial Intelligence<\/strong> (Finite state machines in AI models)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"949\"><strong data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"909\">Cryptography &amp; Security<\/strong> (Turing Machines for security proofs)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1009\"><strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"983\">Automata in Hardware Design<\/strong> (FSM in circuit design)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1061\"><strong data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1061\">\u00a0Key Areas of Theory of Computation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1108\">TOC is mainly divided into <strong data-start=\"1089\" data-end=\"1098\">three<\/strong> branches:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1138\"><strong data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1136\">A. Automata Theory<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1253\">Automata are abstract <strong data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1184\">mathematical models<\/strong> of machines that process input and determine outputs. It includes:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1481\">\n<li data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1326\"><strong data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1280\">Finite Automata (FA)<\/strong> \u2013 Used in text searching, lexical analysis.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1399\"><strong data-start=\"1329\" data-end=\"1356\">Pushdown Automata (PDA)<\/strong> \u2013 Used in context-free languages (CFGs).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1481\"><strong data-start=\"1402\" data-end=\"1426\">Turing Machines (TM)<\/strong> \u2013 The most powerful model, defining <strong data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1480\">computability<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1483\" data-end=\"1523\"><strong data-start=\"1487\" data-end=\"1521\">B. Formal Languages &amp; Grammars<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1873\">\n<li data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1617\"><strong data-start=\"1526\" data-end=\"1547\">Regular Languages<\/strong> \u2013 Defined by <strong data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1592\">Regular Expressions (RegEx)<\/strong> &amp; <strong data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1614\">Finite Automata<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1696\"><strong data-start=\"1620\" data-end=\"1652\">Context-Free Languages (CFL)<\/strong> \u2013 Defined by <strong data-start=\"1666\" data-end=\"1693\">Pushdown Automata (PDA)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1797\"><strong data-start=\"1699\" data-end=\"1730\">Context-Sensitive Languages<\/strong> \u2013 More complex, recognized by <strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1794\">Linear Bounded Automata (LBA)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1873\"><strong data-start=\"1800\" data-end=\"1836\">Recursively Enumerable Languages<\/strong> \u2013 Recognized by <strong data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1872\">Turing Machines<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1921\"><strong data-start=\"1879\" data-end=\"1919\">C. Computability &amp; Complexity Theory<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"2175\">\n<li data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"1994\"><strong data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"1940\">Decidability<\/strong> \u2013 What problems can\/cannot be solved by a computer?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2070\"><strong data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2016\">P vs NP Problem<\/strong> \u2013 The biggest unsolved problem in Computer Science!<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2175\"><strong data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2120\">Time Complexity (Big-O, P, NP, NP-Complete)<\/strong> \u2013 Determines how efficiently problems can be solved.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2182\" data-end=\"2222\"><strong data-start=\"2185\" data-end=\"2222\">\u00a0Hierarchy of Languages in TOC<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2335\">A fundamental concept in TOC is the <strong data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2280\">Chomsky Hierarchy<\/strong>, which classifies languages based on their complexity:<\/p>\n<table data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2813\">\n<thead data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2406\">\n<tr data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2406\">\n<th data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2349\"><strong data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2347\">Type<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2349\" data-end=\"2369\"><strong data-start=\"2351\" data-end=\"2367\">Grammar Type<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2390\"><strong data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2388\">Machine Model<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2406\"><strong data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2403\">Example<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2475\" data-end=\"2813\">\n<tr data-start=\"2475\" data-end=\"2566\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"2477\" data-end=\"2487\">Type-0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Recursively Enumerable<\/td>\n<td><strong data-start=\"2515\" data-end=\"2538\">Turing Machine (TM)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Any computable function<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2567\" data-end=\"2656\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"2569\" data-end=\"2579\">Type-1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Context-Sensitive<\/td>\n<td><strong data-start=\"2602\" data-end=\"2636\">Linear Bounded Automaton (LBA)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Syntax Checking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2741\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"2659\" data-end=\"2669\">Type-2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Context-Free<\/td>\n<td><strong data-start=\"2687\" data-end=\"2715\">Pushdown Automaton (PDA)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Programming Languages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2742\" data-end=\"2813\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2754\">Type-3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Regular<\/td>\n<td><strong data-start=\"2767\" data-end=\"2792\">Finite Automaton (FA)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lexical Analysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"2890\"><strong data-start=\"2817\" data-end=\"2888\">Regular \u2282 Context-Free \u2282 Context-Sensitive \u2282 Recursively Enumerable<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"2945\"><strong data-start=\"2900\" data-end=\"2945\">\u00a0Understanding Automata &#8211; Basic Models<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2979\"><strong data-start=\"2950\" data-end=\"2974\">Finite Automata (FA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3215\">\n<li data-start=\"2983\" data-end=\"3011\">Simplest computing model<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3061\">Used in pattern matching, lexical analysis<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3209\"><strong data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3080\">Two types<\/strong>:<br data-start=\"3081\" data-end=\"3084\" \/>\u2714 <strong data-start=\"3091\" data-end=\"3117\">DFA (Deterministic FA)<\/strong> \u2013 One path for input.<br data-start=\"3139\" data-end=\"3142\" \/>\u2714 <strong data-start=\"3149\" data-end=\"3179\">NFA (Non-Deterministic FA)<\/strong> \u2013 Multiple paths for input.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3216\" data-end=\"3252\"><strong data-start=\"3220\" data-end=\"3247\">Pushdown Automata (PDA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3358\">\n<li data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3300\">Like FA, but with a <strong data-start=\"3278\" data-end=\"3287\">Stack<\/strong> for memory<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3304\" data-end=\"3358\">Used in <strong data-start=\"3314\" data-end=\"3325\">parsing<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3356\">context-free languages<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3360\" data-end=\"3392\"><strong data-start=\"3364\" data-end=\"3387\">Turing Machine (TM)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3519\">\n<li data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3434\">Most powerful model of computation<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3472\">Can simulate <strong data-start=\"3453\" data-end=\"3470\">any algorithm<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3519\">Defines the concept of <strong data-start=\"3501\" data-end=\"3517\">decidability<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3526\" data-end=\"3570\"><strong data-start=\"3529\" data-end=\"3570\">\u00a0Decidability &amp; Complexity Classes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3697\">\u00a0Some problems <strong data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3625\">can be solved by a Turing Machine<\/strong> (Decidable Problems), while others <strong data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3671\">cannot<\/strong> (Undecidable Problems).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"4037\"><strong data-start=\"3699\" data-end=\"3722\">Complexity Classes:<\/strong><br data-start=\"3722\" data-end=\"3725\" \/><strong data-start=\"3727\" data-end=\"3750\">P (Polynomial Time)<\/strong> \u2013 Efficiently solvable problems.<br data-start=\"3783\" data-end=\"3786\" \/><strong data-start=\"3788\" data-end=\"3830\">NP (Non-deterministic Polynomial Time)<\/strong> \u2013 Problems solvable in polynomial time <strong data-start=\"3870\" data-end=\"3901\">if given a correct solution<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"3902\" data-end=\"3905\" \/><strong data-start=\"3907\" data-end=\"3928\">NP-Complete (NPC)<\/strong> \u2013 Hardest problems in <strong data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"3957\">NP<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"3958\" data-end=\"3961\" \/><strong data-start=\"3963\" data-end=\"3974\">NP-Hard<\/strong> \u2013 At least as hard as NP problems but not necessarily in NP.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4039\" data-end=\"4052\">\u00a0Example:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4053\" data-end=\"4196\">\n<li data-start=\"4053\" data-end=\"4103\"><strong data-start=\"4055\" data-end=\"4101\">Sorting (Bubble Sort, Merge Sort) is in P.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4104\" data-end=\"4156\"><strong data-start=\"4106\" data-end=\"4154\">Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is NP-Hard.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4157\" data-end=\"4196\"><strong data-start=\"4159\" data-end=\"4194\">Halting Problem is Undecidable!<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"4203\" data-end=\"4244\"><strong data-start=\"4206\" data-end=\"4244\">\u00a0Real-World Applications of TOC<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4245\" data-end=\"4679\"><strong data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4270\">Where TOC is Used?<\/strong><br data-start=\"4270\" data-end=\"4273\" \/><strong data-start=\"4275\" data-end=\"4305\">Lexical Analysis &amp; Parsing<\/strong> \u2013 Used in <strong data-start=\"4316\" data-end=\"4329\">compilers<\/strong> (Lex, YACC).<br data-start=\"4342\" data-end=\"4345\" \/><strong data-start=\"4347\" data-end=\"4374\">Artificial Intelligence<\/strong> \u2013 Used in <strong data-start=\"4385\" data-end=\"4403\">state machines<\/strong> &amp; game theory.<br data-start=\"4418\" data-end=\"4421\" \/><strong data-start=\"4423\" data-end=\"4455\">Cryptography &amp; Cybersecurity<\/strong> \u2013 Complexity classes define secure encryption.<br data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4505\" \/><strong data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4544\">Natural Language Processing (NLP)<\/strong> \u2013 Understanding <strong data-start=\"4561\" data-end=\"4586\">context-free grammars<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"4587\" data-end=\"4590\" \/><strong data-start=\"4592\" data-end=\"4624\">Networking &amp; Protocol Design<\/strong> \u2013 Automata help in <strong data-start=\"4644\" data-end=\"4676\">packet filtering (firewalls)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4719\"><strong data-start=\"4689\" data-end=\"4719\">\u00a0Summary: Why Study TOC?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4720\" data-end=\"4973\">\u00a0Helps understand <strong data-start=\"4740\" data-end=\"4765\">how computation works<\/strong> at a deep level.<br data-start=\"4782\" data-end=\"4785\" \/>\u00a0Essential for <strong data-start=\"4802\" data-end=\"4845\">AI, Machine Learning, NLP, and Security<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"4846\" data-end=\"4849\" \/>\u00a0Important for <strong data-start=\"4866\" data-end=\"4904\">GATE, Competitive Exams &amp; Research<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"4905\" data-end=\"4908\" \/>\u00a0Forms the basis for <strong data-start=\"4931\" data-end=\"4970\">Compiler Design, Algorithms, and AI<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4975\" data-end=\"5139\"><strong data-start=\"4978\" data-end=\"4994\">Next Topics:<\/strong><br data-start=\"4994\" data-end=\"4997\" \/><strong data-start=\"5001\" data-end=\"5042\">Finite Automata &amp; Regular Expressions<\/strong><br data-start=\"5042\" data-end=\"5045\" \/><strong data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5095\">Pushdown Automata &amp; Context-Free Languages<\/strong><br data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5098\" \/><strong data-start=\"5102\" data-end=\"5137\">Turing Machines &amp; Computability<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5141\" data-end=\"5232\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Would you like <strong data-start=\"5156\" data-end=\"5215\">detailed notes on Finite Automata &amp; DFA\/NFA conversions<\/strong>? Let me know!<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.uqu.edu.sa\/_\/mskhayat\/files\/MySubjects\/20189FS%20ComputationTheory\/Introduction%20to%20the%20theory%20of%20computation_third%20edition%20-%20Michael%20Sipser.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introduction to the Theory of Computation, 3rd ed.<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"5141\" data-end=\"5232\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cglab.ca\/~michiel\/TheoryOfComputation\/TheoryOfComputation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOC Theory Of Computation Introduction.<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gcgldh.org\/downloads\/e-Content\/Learning-Material\/Computer-Science\/TOC.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow  noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TOC Download<\/a><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"152\">\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0939\u093e <strong data-start=\"7\" data-end=\"38\">Theory of Computation (TOC)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 <strong data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"105\">Introduction in Hindi + English<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"157\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"222\">\ud83d\udcd8 TOC \u2013 <strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"195\">Theory of Computation<\/strong> (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/h1>\n<hr data-start=\"224\" data-end=\"227\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"275\">\ud83e\udde0 <strong data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"275\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 TOC (Theory of Computation)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"357\"><strong data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"302\">Theory of Computation<\/strong> \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"423\">\n<p data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"423\">&#8220;\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 <strong data-start=\"371\" data-end=\"395\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong data-start=\"400\" data-end=\"421\">\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong>?&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"425\" data-end=\"442\">\u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"589\">\n<li data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"484\">\n<p data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"484\">\u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 problems \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"534\">\n<p data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"534\">\u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 problems <strong data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"522\">\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"589\">\n<p data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"589\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 problem \u0915\u094b <strong data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"575\">efficient \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"594\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"618\">\ud83c\udfaf TOC \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902?<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"854\">\n<li data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"664\">\n<p data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"664\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <strong data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"646\">\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"731\">\n<p data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"731\">Algorithms \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b <strong data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"709\">\u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"776\">\n<p data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"776\">Competitive Exams (GATE, UGC NET) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"854\">\n<p data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"854\">Advanced areas \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Compiler Design, Automata, AI \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 Foundation \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"859\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"904\">\ud83d\udd01 TOC \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 (Main Topics of TOC)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"1338\">\n<thead data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"937\">\n<tr data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"937\">\n<th data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"912\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"927\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f (Topic)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"937\" data-col-size=\"md\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1338\">\n<tr data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1041\">\n<td data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"979\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1\ufe0f\u20e3<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1001\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"1000\">Automata Theory<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1041\" data-col-size=\"md\">FSM (Finite State Machine), DFA, NFA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1123\">\n<td data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1048\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2\ufe0f\u20e3<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1048\" data-end=\"1082\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1081\">Formal Languages &amp; Grammars<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1123\">Regular Grammar, Context-Free Grammar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1177\">\n<td data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1130\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3\ufe0f\u20e3<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1151\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1150\">Turing Machine<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1151\" data-end=\"1177\">Artificial Brain Model<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1262\">\n<td data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1184\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4\ufe0f\u20e3<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1220\"><strong data-start=\"1186\" data-end=\"1219\">Decidability &amp; Undecidability<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1220\" data-end=\"1262\">\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 problems \u0939\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1338\">\n<td data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1269\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5\ufe0f\u20e3<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1293\"><strong data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1292\">Complexity Theory<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1293\" data-end=\"1338\">Time &amp; Space efficiency (P vs NP Problem)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1343\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1378\">\ud83d\udea6 TOC \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u2013 Automata \u0938\u0947<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1380\" data-end=\"1414\">\ud83e\uddee Finite Automata (DFA &amp; NFA)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1501\">\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 string (input) <strong data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1489\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f (accepted)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1503\" data-end=\"1592\"><strong data-start=\"1503\" data-end=\"1513\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>:<br data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1517\" \/>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 string \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 &#8216;a&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;b&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 2 &#8216;a&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 1 &#8216;b&#8217; \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1627\">Finite Automata \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1632\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1634\" data-end=\"1661\">\ud83d\udccc Important Definitions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1942\">\n<thead data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1681\">\n<tr data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1681\">\n<th data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1670\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Term<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1681\" data-col-size=\"md\">Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1942\">\n<tr data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1761\">\n<td data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1720\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1719\">Alphabet (\u03a3)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1761\" data-col-size=\"md\">Input characters \u0915\u093e set (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 {a, b})<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1828\">\n<td data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1775\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1774\">String<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1775\" data-end=\"1828\" data-col-size=\"md\">Alphabet \u0915\u0947 characters \u0915\u093e sequence (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: &#8220;abba&#8221;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1872\">\n<td data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1848\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1847\">Language (L)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1872\" data-col-size=\"md\">Valid strings \u0915\u093e set<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1942\">\n<td data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1889\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1888\">Automaton<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1889\" data-end=\"1942\">\u090f\u0915 computational model \u091c\u094b language accept \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"1944\" data-end=\"1947\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1969\">\ud83e\udde0 TOC \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2106\">\n<li data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2028\">\n<p data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2028\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 problem \u0915\u094b <strong data-start=\"1989\" data-end=\"2011\">mathematical model<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2061\">\n<p data-start=\"2032\" data-end=\"2061\">\u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2059\">\u0939\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2106\">\n<p data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2106\">\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong data-start=\"2079\" data-end=\"2098\">efficient \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2111\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2129\">\ud83c\udf93 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n<blockquote data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2334\">\n<p data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2334\">\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 vending machine \u0939\u0948\u0964<br data-start=\"2177\" data-end=\"2180\" \/>\u092f\u0939 machine decide \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f input \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f coins \u0915\u0940 sequence valid \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<br data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2267\" \/>\u0907\u0938\u0947 model \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a <strong data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2314\">Finite Automaton<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2339\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2341\" data-end=\"2368\">\ud83d\udd1a \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 (Conclusion)<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2603\">\n<li data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2424\">\n<p data-start=\"2372\" data-end=\"2424\">TOC <strong data-start=\"2376\" data-end=\"2418\">\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2485\">\n<p data-start=\"2427\" data-end=\"2485\">\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 <strong data-start=\"2448\" data-end=\"2465\">core concepts<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2486\" data-end=\"2603\">\n<p data-start=\"2488\" data-end=\"2603\">TOC \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 theoretical \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f practical \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 compiler, AI, NLP, \u0914\u0930 software design \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"2608\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2610\" data-end=\"2630\">\ud83d\udcd8 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902:<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2631\" data-end=\"2768\">\n<li data-start=\"2631\" data-end=\"2709\">\n<p data-start=\"2633\" data-end=\"2709\">\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f, PDF \u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 Live Class Plan \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2768\">\n<p data-start=\"2712\" data-end=\"2768\">\u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b DFA \u0915\u093e animation \u092f\u093e diagram \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2799\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0906\u092a \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2799\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fuuu.be\/polytech\/INFOF408\/Introduction-To-The-Theory-Of-Computation-Michael-Sipser.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TOC Theory Of Computation Introduction.<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TOC Theory Of Computation Introduction. [fvplayer id=&#8221;149&#8243;] Theory of Computation (TOC) &#8211; Introduction What is Theory of Computation? Theory of Computation (TOC) is a fundamental area of computer science that deals with the mathematical models of computation and the capabilities &amp; limitations of computers. It focuses on understanding what problems can be solved by computers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1310],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-theory-of-computation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2863"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}