{"id":2559,"date":"2025-06-06T23:39:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-06T23:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diznr.com\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2025-06-06T23:39:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T23:39:10","slug":"consensus-and-related-problems-in-system-distributed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/consensus-and-related-problems-in-system-distributed\/","title":{"rendered":"CONSENSUS AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Consensus And Related Problems In Distributed System.CONSENSUS RELATED PROBLEM IN HINDI Consensus and related problems problem in distributed computing multi-agent systems. Consensus problem in Distributed Systems Consensus in Distributed Systems the process of consensus in distributed systems. Consensus protocols in distributed systems interactive consistency problem in distributed system distributed consensus.<\/p>\n<p>[fvplayer id=&#8221;70&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"63\"><strong data-start=\"4\" data-end=\"61\">Consensus and Related Problems in Distributed Systems<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"120\"><strong data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"118\">1. What is Consensus in Distributed Systems?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"464\">Consensus in distributed systems refers to the process by which multiple nodes (computers) agree on a single, consistent state or value despite failures and network issues. It is crucial for ensuring <strong data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"341\">data consistency<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"362\">fault tolerance<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"387\">synchronization<\/strong> in distributed applications like blockchain, cloud computing, and databases.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"513\"><strong data-start=\"471\" data-end=\"511\">2. Challenges in Achieving Consensus<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"952\">\n<li data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"606\"><strong data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"536\">Network Failures<\/strong>: Delays, packet loss, and partitions make communication unreliable.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"694\"><strong data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"628\">Fault Tolerance<\/strong>: Some nodes may crash or behave maliciously (Byzantine faults).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"777\"><strong data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"723\">Synchronization Issues<\/strong>: Nodes may process information at different speeds.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"857\"><strong data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"795\">Scalability<\/strong>: As the system grows, maintaining consensus becomes harder.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"952\"><strong data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"885\">Concurrency Conflicts<\/strong>: Multiple nodes might propose different values at the same time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"954\" data-end=\"996\"><strong data-start=\"959\" data-end=\"994\">3. Popular Consensus Algorithms<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1421\">\n<li data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1087\"><strong data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1008\">Paxos<\/strong>: A classic fault-tolerant consensus algorithm used in distributed databases.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1098\">Raft<\/strong>: A more understandable alternative to Paxos, used in Kubernetes and etcd.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1310\"><strong data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1212\">Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)<\/strong>: Designed for systems where some nodes may act maliciously (e.g., Practical BFT in blockchain).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1421\"><strong data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1336\">Proof-of-Work (PoW)<\/strong> &amp; <strong data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1363\">Proof-of-Stake (PoS)<\/strong>: Used in blockchain networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1423\" data-end=\"1466\"><strong data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1464\">4. Related Problems in Consensus<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1924\">\n<li data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1548\"><strong data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1488\">Leader Election<\/strong>: Selecting a single leader node in a distributed network.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1655\"><strong data-start=\"1551\" data-end=\"1571\">Atomic Broadcast<\/strong>: Ensuring that all nodes receive and process the same messages in the same order.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1791\"><strong data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1681\">Split Brain Problem<\/strong>: When a network partition causes two sets of nodes to operate independently, leading to data inconsistency.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"1924\"><strong data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1809\">CAP Theorem<\/strong>: A distributed system can only provide <strong data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"1869\">two out of three<\/strong>: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1926\" data-end=\"2029\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Would you like a deeper explanation of any of these problems, or help with an assignment on this topic?<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"215\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"13\">Consensus<\/strong> is a fundamental problem in <strong data-start=\"42\" data-end=\"65\">distributed systems<\/strong>. It involves getting a group of <strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"132\">independent processes or nodes<\/strong> to agree on a single <strong data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"180\">data value or decision<\/strong>, even in the presence of failures.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"220\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"222\" data-end=\"273\">\ud83e\udde0 <strong data-start=\"228\" data-end=\"273\">What is Consensus in Distributed Systems?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"429\"><strong data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"288\">Consensus<\/strong> ensures that all non-faulty processes in a distributed system <strong data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"378\">agree on the same value<\/strong> and maintain a consistent state across the system.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"459\">\ud83d\udd11 <strong data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"459\">Key Applications:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"610\">\n<li data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"479\">\n<p data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"479\">Leader election<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"509\">\n<p data-start=\"482\" data-end=\"509\">State machine replication<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"550\">\n<p data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"550\">Blockchain (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"571\">\n<p data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"571\">Atomic broadcast<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"572\" data-end=\"610\">\n<p data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"610\">Fault-tolerant distributed databases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"615\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"660\">\u2705 <strong data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"660\">Properties of a Consensus Protocol<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"728\">To solve the consensus problem correctly, a protocol must satisfy:<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"1159\">\n<thead data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"764\">\n<tr data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"764\">\n<th data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"749\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Property<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"764\" data-col-size=\"md\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"1159\">\n<tr data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"888\">\n<td data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"820\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"815\">Agreement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"888\">All correct (non-faulty) processes must agree on the same value.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"988\">\n<td data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"909\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"903\">Validity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"988\">If all correct processes propose the same value, that value must be chosen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1069\">\n<td data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1009\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1006\">Termination<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1069\">Every correct process must eventually decide on a value.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1159\">\n<td data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1090\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1085\">Integrity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1159\">A process must decide at most once, and only on a proposed value.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1164\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1166\" data-end=\"1199\">\u26a0\ufe0f <strong data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1199\">Challenges in Consensus<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1547\">\n<li data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1269\">\n<p data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1269\"><strong data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1217\">Asynchrony<\/strong>: No guarantees on message delays or process speeds.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1321\">\n<p data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1321\"><strong data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1284\">Failures<\/strong>: Nodes may crash or act maliciously.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1322\" data-end=\"1381\">\n<p data-start=\"1324\" data-end=\"1381\"><strong data-start=\"1324\" data-end=\"1348\">Network Partitioning<\/strong>: Communication may be disrupted.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1547\">\n<p data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1547\"><strong data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1405\">FLP Impossibility<\/strong>: In a purely asynchronous system, it is impossible to guarantee consensus with even <strong data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1512\">one faulty process<\/strong> (Fischer, Lynch, Paterson \u2013 1985).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1552\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1596\">\ud83d\udd27 <strong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1596\">Consensus Problems and Solutions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1646\">1. <strong data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1646\">Crash Fault Tolerance (CFT) Consensus<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1714\">Assumes nodes may fail by <strong data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1685\">crashing<\/strong>, but do not act maliciously.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1741\">\u2b50 Common Algorithms:<\/h4>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"2002\">\n<thead data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1768\">\n<tr data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1768\">\n<th data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1753\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Protocol<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1768\" data-col-size=\"md\">Key Feature<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"2002\">\n<tr data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1870\">\n<td data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1828\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1807\">Paxos<\/strong> (by Leslie Lamport)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1870\">Most well-known, safe under asynchrony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1927\">\n<td data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1882\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1881\">Raft<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1927\">Easier to understand alternative to Paxos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"2002\">\n<td data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"1958\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1930\" data-end=\"1957\">Viewstamped Replication<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"2002\">Like Paxos but with primary-backup model<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2004\" data-end=\"2007\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2061\">2. <strong data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2061\">Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) Consensus<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2125\">Handles <strong data-start=\"2070\" data-end=\"2103\">malicious or arbitrary faults<\/strong> (Byzantine behavior).<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2152\">\u2b50 Common Algorithms:<\/h4>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2545\">\n<thead data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2192\">\n<tr data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2192\">\n<th data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2164\" data-col-size=\"md\">Protocol<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2164\" data-end=\"2183\" data-col-size=\"md\">Faults Tolerated<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2183\" data-end=\"2192\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2545\">\n<tr data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2357\">\n<td data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2282\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"2235\" data-end=\"2281\">PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2282\" data-end=\"2327\">Tolerates up to \u230a(n\u22121)\/3\u230b Byzantine faults<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2327\" data-end=\"2357\">Used in Hyperledger Fabric<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2415\">\n<td data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2375\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"2360\" data-end=\"2374\">Tendermint<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2415\">BFT-based; used in Cosmos blockchain<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2416\" data-end=\"2480\">\n<td data-start=\"2416\" data-end=\"2431\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"2418\" data-end=\"2430\">HotStuff<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2431\" data-end=\"2480\">BFT-based; scalable; used in Facebook\u2019s Libra<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2481\" data-end=\"2545\">\n<td data-start=\"2481\" data-end=\"2496\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"2483\" data-end=\"2495\">Algorand<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2545\">Uses cryptographic sortition for scalable BFT<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2547\" data-end=\"2550\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2552\" data-end=\"2591\">\ud83e\uddf1 <strong data-start=\"2558\" data-end=\"2591\">Consensus vs Related Concepts<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2974\">\n<thead data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2628\">\n<tr data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2628\">\n<th data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2613\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Concept<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2628\" data-col-size=\"md\">Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2664\" data-end=\"2974\">\n<tr data-start=\"2664\" data-end=\"2743\">\n<td data-start=\"2664\" data-end=\"2686\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2666\" data-end=\"2685\">Leader Election<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2743\">Nodes agree on who the coordinator (leader) should be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2815\">\n<td data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2767\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2746\" data-end=\"2766\">Atomic Broadcast<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2767\" data-end=\"2815\">All nodes receive messages in the same order<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2890\">\n<td data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2844\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2843\">Total Order Broadcast<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2844\" data-end=\"2890\">Stronger than consensus; implies consensus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"2974\">\n<td data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"2922\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"2921\">Replicated State Machine<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2922\" data-end=\"2974\">Consensus used to maintain state across replicas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2976\" data-end=\"2979\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2981\" data-end=\"3010\">\ud83d\udcc8 <strong data-start=\"2987\" data-end=\"3010\">Real-World Examples<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3255\">\n<thead data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3039\">\n<tr data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3039\">\n<th data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3021\" data-col-size=\"sm\">System<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3039\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Consensus Used<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3255\">\n<tr data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3098\">\n<td data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3089\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3070\" data-end=\"3088\">Google Spanner<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3098\">Paxos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3099\" data-end=\"3127\">\n<td data-start=\"3099\" data-end=\"3119\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3101\" data-end=\"3118\">etcd \/ Consul<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3119\" data-end=\"3127\">Raft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3180\">\n<td data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3142\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3141\">Bitcoin<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3142\" data-end=\"3180\">Nakamoto Consensus (Proof of Work)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3181\" data-end=\"3228\">\n<td data-start=\"3181\" data-end=\"3200\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3183\" data-end=\"3199\">Ethereum 2.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3200\" data-end=\"3228\">Proof of Stake-based BFT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3229\" data-end=\"3255\">\n<td data-start=\"3229\" data-end=\"3247\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3246\">Hyperledger<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3247\" data-end=\"3255\">PBFT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"3257\" data-end=\"3260\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3262\" data-end=\"3275\">\ud83e\udde0 Summary<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3561\">\n<li data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3372\">\n<p data-start=\"3279\" data-end=\"3372\">Consensus is <strong data-start=\"3292\" data-end=\"3303\">central<\/strong> to ensuring <strong data-start=\"3316\" data-end=\"3348\">consistency and coordination<\/strong> in distributed systems.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3373\" data-end=\"3444\">\n<p data-start=\"3375\" data-end=\"3444\">It becomes complex due to <strong data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3443\">asynchrony, faults, and network issues<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3561\">\n<p data-start=\"3447\" data-end=\"3561\">There are multiple consensus protocols, each designed to balance <strong data-start=\"3512\" data-end=\"3560\">fault tolerance, performance, and simplicity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3563\" data-end=\"3566\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"3568\" data-end=\"3583\">Would you like:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3584\" data-end=\"3721\">\n<li data-start=\"3584\" data-end=\"3622\">\n<p data-start=\"3586\" data-end=\"3622\">A comparison chart of Paxos vs Raft?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3623\" data-end=\"3672\">\n<p data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3672\">A flow diagram of how consensus protocols work?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3721\">\n<p data-start=\"3675\" data-end=\"3721\">Help coding a simple Raft or Paxos simulation?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3735\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Let me know!<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3735\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tropars.github.io\/downloads\/lectures\/DS\/DS-5-consensus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CONSENSUS AND RELATED PROBLEMS IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.grainger.illinois.edu\/cs425\/fa2020\/L13.A.FA20.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CS 425 \/ ECE 428 Distributed Systems Fall 2025<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.cs.duke.edu\/cps212\/fall07\/consensus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Distributed Systems, Failures, and Consensus<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"LC20lb MBeuO DKV0Md\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.uic.edu\/~ajayk\/Chapter14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chapter 14: Consensus and Agreement<\/a><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consensus And Related Problems In Distributed System.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":2560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726],"class_list":["post-2559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-distributed-computing","tag-consensus-in-distributed-systems","tag-consensus-problem-in-distributed-systems","tag-consensus-protocols-in-distributed-systems","tag-consensus-related-problem-in-hindi-consensus-and-related-problems-problem-in-distributed-computing","tag-distributed-consensus","tag-interactive-consistency-problem-in-distributed-system","tag-multi-agent-systems","tag-the-process-of-consensus-in-distributed-systems"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/pdf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}