{"id":417,"date":"2025-01-17T05:02:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-17T05:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmsicl.in\/?p=417"},"modified":"2025-01-17T05:02:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T05:02:01","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-1-electric-charges-and-fields","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-1-electric-charges-and-fields\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><span class=\"\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"\">\u0964\u00a0<\/span>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields<\/h2>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-1\">\n<div id=\"bsa-zone_1600446116715-9_123456\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT Solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 30 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947<br \/>\n2 x 10<sup>\u00a0-7<\/sup>\u00a0C \u0914\u0930 3 x 10<sup>\u00a0-7<\/sup>\u00a0C\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-1-300x120.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-1-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-1.png 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong><br \/>\n0.4 \u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 -0.8 \u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 0.2 N \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(a) \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0916) \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c 2 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c 1 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-428\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-2-300x185.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-2-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-2.png 330w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 ke<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0\/\u00a0G m\u00a0<sub>e<\/sub>\u00a0m\u00a0<sub>p \u0939\u0948<\/sub>\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-429\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-3-300x149.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-3-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-3.png 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-2\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) &#8216;\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948&#8217; \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f (\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0908&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c &#8216;\u0908&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c &#8216;+ \u0908&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u00b1 e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, ne \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 n = 1, 2, 3,<br \/>\nq = \u00b1 ne<br \/>\n\u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u091c \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p>(\u092c\u0940) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<span class=\"\">\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u03bb \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u093e\u092c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u091f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u0924\u0940\u091c\u0924\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091a\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 q<sub>\u00a0A<\/sub>\u00a0= 2 \u03bcC, q<sub>\u00a0B<\/sub>\u00a0= -5 \u03bcC, \u092f\u093e q<sub>\u00a0c<\/sub>\u00a0= -2 \u03bcC \u0914\u0930 q<sub>\u00a0D<\/sub>\u00a0= -5 \u03bcC 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 ABCD \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947 1\u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f A \u0914\u0930 C \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f 2\u03bcC \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 1\u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, D \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 -5 \u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 1\u03bcC \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 B.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-4.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 4\" width=\"210\" height=\"159\" \/><br \/>\n\u0905\u0924: \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u0932 = \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902?<br \/>\n(b) \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (i) e., \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p>(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u094b-\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 q<sub>\u00a0A<\/sub>\u00a0= 3\u03bcC \u0914\u0930 q<sub>\u00a0B<\/sub>\u00a0= -3 \u03bcC \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0926\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e AB \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 O \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u0967.\u096b x \u0967\u0966-<sup>\u00a0\u096f<\/sup>\u00a0\u0938\u0940\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2003)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51903\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-5.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 5\" width=\"356\" height=\"90\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51904\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-6.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 6\" width=\"368\" height=\"164\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0932 = \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u00a0<sub>0\u00a0<\/sub><sup>\u0908<br \/>\n<\/sup>= (1.5 x 10\u00a0<sup>-9<\/sup>\u00a0) (5.4 x 10\u00a0<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0)<br \/>\n= 8.1 x 10\u00a0<sup>-3<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u090f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 9.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 q<sub>\u00a0A<\/sub>\u00a0= 2.5 x 10<sup>\u00a0-7<\/sup>\u00a0C \u0914\u0930 q<sub>\u00a0B<\/sub>\u00a0= -2.5 x 10<sup>\u00a0-7<\/sup>\u00a0C \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<br \/>\nA: (0,0, -15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940) \u0914\u0930 B: (0, 0, \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924) + 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940), \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 z-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940, 21<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51905\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-7.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 7\" width=\"254\" height=\"143\" \/><br \/>\n= 15 + 15 = 30 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 = 0.3 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<br \/>\n\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 = (2.5 x 10-<sup>\u00a07<\/sup>\u00a0) &#8211; (2.5 x 10-<sup>\u00a07<\/sup>\u00a0) = 0<br \/>\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<br \/>\n= qx 21 = 2.5 x 10-<sup>\u00a07<\/sup>\u00a0x 0.3<br \/>\n= 7.5 x 10<sup>\u00a0-8<\/sup>\u00a0C m \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 z-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 10.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 4 x 10<sup>\u00a0-9<\/sup>\u00a0\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948, 30\u00b0 \u092a\u0930 5 x 10<sup>\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0NC-<sup>\u00a01<\/sup>\u00a0\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n= pE sin 0 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n= (4 x 10-<sup>\u00a09<\/sup>\u00a0) (5x 10-<sup>\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0sin 30\u00b0)<br \/>\n= 2 x 10-<sup>\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0x<span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>= 10-\u00a0<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e\u00a02<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 11.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0928 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u090a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e 3.2 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 10 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<sup>\u00a04\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0\u0938\u0940<br \/>\n(\u0915) (\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932\u093e (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b?)<br \/>\n(\u0916) \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u090a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0925\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f q = ne \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51906\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-8.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 8\" width=\"195\" height=\"92\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 =\u00a0\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u00a0<sub>\u0908<\/sub>\u00a0xn = 91 x 10\u00a0<sup>31<\/sup>\u00a0x 2 x 10\u00a0<sup>12<\/sup>\u00a0= 1.82 x 10\u00a0<sup>-18\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e)\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 12.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0926\u094b \u0905\u091b\u0942\u0924\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 50 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c 6.5 x 10\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 A \u0914\u0930 B \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51907\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-9.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 9\" width=\"342\" height=\"349\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 13.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f Q 1.12 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 A \u0914\u0930 B \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0A \u0914\u0930 B \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0928\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 C) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 A \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51908\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-10.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 10\" width=\"251\" height=\"70\" \/><br \/>\n\u091c\u092c \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e, 3.25\u00a010\u00a0<sup>-7<\/sup>\u00a0C\u00a0\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947\u00a0\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b B \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 B \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51909\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-11.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 11\" width=\"320\" height=\"155\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51910\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-12.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 12\" width=\"278\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 14.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51911\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-13.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 13\" width=\"315\" height=\"101\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0923 1 \u0914\u0930 2 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0923 3 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0923 3 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 (e) \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (m) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923, y \u03b1 e\/m<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 15.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mi\">\u0907<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n= \u0969 x \u0967\u0966\u00a0<sup>\u0969<\/sup>\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">^<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u090f\u0928 \/ \u0938\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0932 yz \u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 60 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51912\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-14.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 14\" width=\"289\" height=\"303\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 16.<\/strong><br \/>\n20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e 1.15 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0918\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 17.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 8.0 x 10<sup>\u00a03<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e2\/\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e?\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902?<br \/>\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0= \u03c6 \/\u03b5<sub>\u00a00<\/sub>\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u00a0\u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 q =\u03c6<sub>\u00a00<br \/>\n<\/sub>= (8 x 10<sup>\u00a03<\/sup>\u00a0) (8.854 x 10<sup>\u00a0-12<\/sup>\u00a0)<br \/>\n= 70.8 x 10-<sup>\u00a09<\/sup>\u00a0C = 0.07 \u03bcC<br \/>\n<strong>(b)<\/strong>\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 18.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 + 10 \u03bcC, 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0[\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0964]<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51913\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-15.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 15\" width=\"113\" height=\"57\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51914\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-16.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 16\" width=\"362\" height=\"230\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 19.<\/strong><br \/>\n2.0 \u03bcC \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-17.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 17\" width=\"245\" height=\"115\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 20.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 -1.0 x 10<sup>\u00a03<\/sup>\u00a0Nm<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0\/C \u0915\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 10.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0949\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u0949\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0949\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u0908 \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 -1 x 10<sup>\u00a03<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0\u0938\u0940<sup>\u00a0-1<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>= q\/\u03b5\u00a0<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u00a0, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 q = \u03b5\u00a0<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0\u03c6 = (8.85 x\u00a0<sup>10-12<\/sup>\u00a0) (-1 x 10\u00a0<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0)<br \/>\n\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 q = -8.85 x 10\u00a0<sup>-9<\/sup>\u00a0C \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 21.<\/strong><br \/>\n10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 1.5 x 10<sup>\u00a03<\/sup>\u00a0N\/C \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51916\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-18.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 18\" width=\"358\" height=\"325\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 22.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 2.4 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 80.4 \u03bcC \/ \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0<strong>(\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2009 \u0938\u0940)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-19.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 19\" width=\"298\" height=\"273\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 23.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u09362 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u09309 X 10<sup>\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0N\/C\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51918\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-20.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 20\" width=\"274\" height=\"222\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 24.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 17.0 x 10<sup>\u00a0-22<\/sup>\u00a0C\/m<sup>\u00a02 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/sup>\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51919\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-21.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 21\" width=\"210\" height=\"141\" \/><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902,<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51920\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-22.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 22\" width=\"355\" height=\"385\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 25.<\/strong>\u00a0\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<br \/>\n\u092e\u0947\u0902 12 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 2.55 x 10<sup>\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940<sup>\u00a0-1 \u0915\u0947<\/sup>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 1.26 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<sup>\u00a0-3 \u0939\u0948<\/sup>\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902, (g = 9.81 ms<sup>\u00a0-2<\/sup>\u00a0; e = 1.60 x 10<sup>\u00a0-19<\/sup>\u00a0C.)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51921\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-23.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 23\" width=\"312\" height=\"523\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 26.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51922\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-24.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 24\" width=\"346\" height=\"538\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51923\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-25.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 25\" width=\"267\" height=\"381\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51924\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-26.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 26\" width=\"267\" height=\"381\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u0932\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u0932\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0939\u0940<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u0932\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091b\u0947\u0921\u093c\u091b\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0921\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u0932\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 27.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 z-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 z-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 10<sup>5<\/sup>NC<sup>-1<\/sup>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 z-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u090210<sup>-7<\/sup>C m \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u093c \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 z-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51925\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-27.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 27\" width=\"275\" height=\"264\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51926\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-28.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 28\" width=\"375\" height=\"144\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 28.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u090f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u090f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 Q. \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c q \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091b\u0942\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u090f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 + \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0939\u0948 [\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092c\u0940)]\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51927\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-29.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 29\" width=\"315\" height=\"151\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0917\u093e\u090a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 e.\u00a0\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u0915\u0948\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c q, \u0915\u0948\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c -q \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 +q \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0924: \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 (q+Q) \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 29.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u0916\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e \u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u091b\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 (\u03c3\/2\u03b5<sub>\u00a00<\/sub>\u00a0)<span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u0928<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mo\">^<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0902\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u0928<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mo\">^<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51928\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-30.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 30\" width=\"39\" height=\"43\" \/><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n(1) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0908\u00a0<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(2) \u092b\u093c\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0908\u00a0<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930, \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51929\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-31.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 31\" width=\"297\" height=\"231\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 30.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0917\u0949\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 X \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n[\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0942\u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964]<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\nX-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 X \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f P, y-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-52068\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-42.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 42\" width=\"372\" height=\"557\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-33.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 33\" width=\"383\" height=\"423\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51932\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-34.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 34\" width=\"403\" height=\"631\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51967\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-35.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 35\" width=\"373\" height=\"386\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51975\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-36.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 36\" width=\"379\" height=\"451\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 31\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0905\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (\u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u0924\u0925\u093e\u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 &#8216;\u0905\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u092f\u0942 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0924) \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c + (2\/3) \u0908, \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928&#8217; \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0921\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e) \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c<br \/>\n(-l\/3)e, \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0(\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964) \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935\u00a0<strong>\u0926\u0947\u0902<\/strong>\u00a0\u0964)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51984\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-37.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 37\" width=\"388\" height=\"330\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 32.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 E = 0) \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\u00a0\u0917\u0949\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/p>\n<p>(\u092c\u0940) \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0926\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0932-\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0947 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\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 x-\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u03c3<sub>\u00a0x \u0915\u0947<\/sub>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923 1)\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 L \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 E \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 qEL<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0\/(2m<sub>\u00a0x\u00a0<\/sub><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0) \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 4.10 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0939\u0935\u0940\u0902 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(\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930)\u0964\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 +q \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 m \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 E \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 O \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0917 E \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 X-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 1.<br \/>\n<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-51996\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-38.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 38\" width=\"346\" height=\"213\" \/><br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 E \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 +q \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u092b<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mo\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0=\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi\">\u0907<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mo\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\">\u0907<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mo\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u0924\u0926\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-52013\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-39.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 39\" width=\"374\" height=\"118\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 2.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 E \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 P \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 L \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e y \u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e y-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964\u00a0\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f,<br \/>\nS = ut +<span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\u092c\u091c\u0947\u00a0\u0964<br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0938 = \u090f\u0932, \u092f\u0942 = \u03c5\u00a0<sub>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/sub>\u00a0\u0914\u0930 \u090f = 0\u0964<br \/>\n(\u2234 x-\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<br \/>\n\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (ii) \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-52024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-40.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 40\" width=\"369\" height=\"598\" \/><br \/>\n\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (i) \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0932\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 34.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 1.33 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n\u03c5<sub>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0= 2.0 x 10<sup>\u00a06<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938<sup>\u00a0-1<\/sup>\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f 0.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a E 9.1 x 10<sup>\u00a02<\/sup>\u00a0N\/C \u0939\u0948,<br \/>\n\u0924\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e?\u00a0( |e| = 1.6 x 10<sup>\u00a0-19<\/sup>\u00a0C, m<sub>\u00a0e<\/sub>\u00a0= 9.1 x 10-<sup>\u00a031<\/sup>\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-52053\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/09\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-1-Electric-Charges-and-Fields-41.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 41\" width=\"412\" height=\"249\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">\u0939\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u00a0<\/span>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 1 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 1 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields \u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 NCERT \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[1518,1519],"class_list":["post-417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics","tag-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-1","tag-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-1-electric-charges-and-fields"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=417"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":574,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/417\/revisions\/574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}