{"id":2431,"date":"2025-01-11T05:46:57","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T05:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmsicl.in\/?p=2431"},"modified":"2025-01-11T05:46:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T05:46:57","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-14-electronics-devices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-14-electronics-devices\/","title":{"rendered":"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-1\">\n<div id=\"bsa-zone_1600446116715-9_123456\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Electronics Devices<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT Solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u090f\u0915 n-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940) \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>&#8216;\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 n \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 p-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0921\u0940)<\/strong>\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0940-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 (Eg)c, (Eg)si \u0914\u0930 (Eg) Ge \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0917\u0948\u092a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902-<br \/>\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u090f) (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947) \u0938\u0940 &lt; (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947) \u091c\u0940\u0908 &lt; (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) (\u0908) \u0938\u0940 &lt;(\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u091c\u0940\u0908&gt; (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 &gt; (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 &gt; (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947) \u091c\u0940\u0908<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 = (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 = (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u091c\u0940\u0908<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>(\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 &gt; (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u0938\u0940 &gt; (\u0908\u091c\u0940) \u091c\u0940\u0908\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0917\u0948\u092a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-2\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 pn \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 p-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 n-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f<br \/>\n(a) n-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(c) p-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e n-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong>p-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e n-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 pn \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u0938 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939<br \/>\n(a) \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n(b) \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915<br \/>\n\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (c) \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n(d) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u0915\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 :<br \/>\n<\/strong>(a) \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0921\u094b\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0915 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u090f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940) \u0914\u0930 (\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>:<\/strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0921\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0915 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0932\u093e\u092d:<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0939\u093e\u092b-\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 50 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u0941\u0932-\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u092b \u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n\u0964&#8217;\u00a0\u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940<br \/>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f = \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0938\u0940 = 50 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<br \/>\n\u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n\u0964&#8217;\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f = 2 x \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f = 2 x 50 = 100 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 9.<\/strong><br \/>\nCE-\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, 2 kQ \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c 2 V \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 100 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0902\u091f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0939\u0948 1 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54727\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-1.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 1\" width=\"370\" height=\"324\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 10.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u094b \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (\u0915\u0948\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0921) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 20 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 0.01 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54729\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-2.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 2\" width=\"301\" height=\"183\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 11.<\/strong><br \/>\n2.8 eV \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0917\u0948\u092a \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 pn \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 6000 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54731\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-3.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 3\" width=\"368\" height=\"205\" \/><br \/>\n\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e pn \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0917\u0948\u092a \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 12.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u090f\u092e<sup>3<\/sup>\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e5 x 10<sup>28 \u0939\u0948<\/sup>\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u096b x \u0967\u0966<sup>\u0968\u0968<\/sup>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u090f\u092e<sup>\u0969<\/sup>\u0914\u0930\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947\u096b x \u0967\u0966<sup>\u0968\u0966<\/sup>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u090f\u092e<sup>\u0969<\/sup>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0921\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f n<sub>i<\/sub>= 1.5 x 10<sup>16<\/sup>m<sup>-3<\/sup>\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0928-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0940-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54732\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-4.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 4\" width=\"371\" height=\"191\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 13.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 E<sub>g<\/sub>1.2 \u0908\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0600 K \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 300 K \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e n\u00a0<sub>i<\/sub>\u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u00a0<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54733\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-5.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 5\" width=\"340\" height=\"72\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54734\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-6.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 6\" width=\"254\" height=\"301\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 14.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 Pn \u091c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e I \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54735\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-7.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 7\" width=\"179\" height=\"66\" \/><br \/>\n\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 I<sub>0<\/sub>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0V \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0949\u091c\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0947\u0917\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 I \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948, K<sub>B\u00a0<\/sub>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (8.6 x 10<sup>-5<\/sup>eV\/K) \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 T \u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 .\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 I<sub>0<\/sub>= 5 x 10<sup>-12<\/sup>A \u0914\u0930 T = 300 K \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u094b<br \/>\n(a) 0.6 V \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n(b) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 0.7 V \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u0938 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c 1 \u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 2 \u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0902\u091f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 15.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f (\u090f) OR \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f (\u092c\u0940) AND \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54737\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-8.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 8\" width=\"350\" height=\"214\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-9.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 9\" width=\"377\" height=\"300\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 16.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 NAND \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54739\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-10.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 10\" width=\"227\" height=\"73\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f NAND \u0917\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"62\"><strong>\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"73\"><strong>\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"109\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0908 =\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\">.\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mi\">\u090f<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"62\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"73\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"109\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"62\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"73\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"109\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0908 =\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"munderover\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">\u090f<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">\u092e\u0948\u0902<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"107\"><strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"107\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"107\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 17.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 NAND \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54752\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-11.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 11\" width=\"322\" height=\"241\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54759\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-12.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 12\" width=\"361\" height=\"372\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 18\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 NOR \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (OR, AND, NOT) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54761\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-13.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 13\" width=\"336\" height=\"72\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f y<sub>1<\/sub>\u0935\u0939 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b NOR \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54762\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-14.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 14\" width=\"383\" height=\"209\" \/><\/p>\n<table border=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"80\"><strong>\u090f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"85\"><strong>\u092c\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"67\"><strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"67\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"80\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"67\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"80\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"67\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"80\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"67\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 19.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 NOR \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930, \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54763\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-15.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 15\" width=\"314\" height=\"230\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54764\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-14-Electronics-Devices-16.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 16\" width=\"392\" height=\"235\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Electronics Devices \u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 NCERT \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 14 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}