{"id":2175,"date":"2025-01-01T05:27:10","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T05:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmsicl.in\/?p=2175"},"modified":"2025-01-01T05:27:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T05:27:10","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-11-dual-nature-of-radiation-and-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-11-dual-nature-of-radiation-and-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT Solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>\u00a030 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947<br \/>\n<strong>\u0915\u0940<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-1.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 1\" width=\"310\" height=\"295\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 2.14 eV \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u092c\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f 6 \u200b\u200bx 10<sup>14<\/sup>\u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n(\u0430) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e,<br \/>\n(\u0916) \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53970\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-2.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 2\" width=\"386\" height=\"359\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53972\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-3.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 3\" width=\"297\" height=\"227\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u091f-\u0911\u092b \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c 1.5 V \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\nV<sub>0<\/sub>= 1.5 V<br \/>\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e,<br \/>\n<span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u092e<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mi\">\u0935\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u092e\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mo\">=\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mi\">\u0908<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mi\">\u0935\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">=\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mn\">\u0967.\u096b\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mi\">\u091c\u0947\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mo\">=\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mn\">\u0967\u096b\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mi\">\u0908\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mi\">\u0935\u0940<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong><br \/>\n632.8 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f 9.42 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u00a0(\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0940\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948), \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, = 632.8 nm = 632.8 x 10<sup>-9<\/sup>m<br \/>\n\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, P = 9.42 mW = 9.42 x 10<sup>-3<\/sup>W<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53973\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-4.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 4\" width=\"306\" height=\"225\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53974\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-5.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 5\" width=\"316\" height=\"255\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 1.388 x 10<sup>3<\/sup>W\/m \u0939\u0948<sup>\u0968<\/sup>\u00a0.\u00a0\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f 550 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53975\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-6.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 6\" width=\"302\" height=\"290\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-2\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u091f-\u0911\u092b \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0928 4.12 x 10<sup>-15<\/sup>V s\u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53976\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-7.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 7\" width=\"302\" height=\"171\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 100 \u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u092a \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f 589 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(b) \u092b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f,<br \/>\nP = 100 W<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53977\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-8.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 8\" width=\"387\" height=\"267\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f 3.3 x 10 . \u0939\u0948<sup>14<\/sup>\u00a0\u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 8.2 x 10\u00a0<sup>14<\/sup>\u00a0\u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u091f-\u0911\u092b \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53978\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-9.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 9\" width=\"399\" height=\"243\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 9.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 4.2 eV \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 330 nm \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53979\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-10.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 10\" width=\"355\" height=\"135\" \/><br \/>\n\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 (4.2 eV) \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0924: \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0967\u0967.\u0967\u0966<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 10.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 7.21 x 10<sup>14<\/sup>Hz \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a06.0 x 10<sup>5<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\/\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53980\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-11.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 11\" width=\"216\" height=\"108\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53981\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-12.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 12\" width=\"376\" height=\"158\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 11.<\/strong><br \/>\n488 nm \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0928\u093e (\u0915\u091f-\u0911\u092b) \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0935 0.38 V \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53982\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-13.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 13\" width=\"382\" height=\"246\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0967\u0968.<\/strong>\u00a0(a) \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917, \u0914\u0930\u00a0(b) \u096b\u096c V \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940<br \/>\n\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<strong>\u00a0\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong>\u00a0V = \u096b\u096c V \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<strong>(a)<\/strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917<strong>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0967\u0969\u0964<\/strong>\u00a0120 eV \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e\u00a0(a) \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917,\u00a0(b) \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930(c) \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53983\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-14.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 14\" width=\"329\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, E = 120 eV = 120 x 1.6 x 10<sup>\u00a0-19<\/sup>\u00a0J<br \/>\n= 1.92 x 10-<sup>\u00a017<\/sup>\u00a0J<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53984\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-15.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 15\" width=\"329\" height=\"292\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 14.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f 589 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53985\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-16.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 16\" width=\"306\" height=\"379\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 15.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0921\u0940 Broglie \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n(\u0915) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 0.040 1.0 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \/ \u090f\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940,<br \/>\n(\u0916) 1.0 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0928 0.060 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \/ s, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n( \u0917) 1.0 x 10<sup>-9<\/sup>\u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0927\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u09232.2 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\/\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902, \u090f\u092e = 0.040 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u03c5 = 1.0 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\/\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0964<br \/>\n= \u0967\u0966\u0966\u0966 \u092e\u0940\/\u0938\u0947<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53986\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-17.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 17\" width=\"222\" height=\"79\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53987\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-18.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 18\" width=\"309\" height=\"243\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 16.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f 100 nm \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902<br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 momenta,<br \/>\n(\u0916) \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53988\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-19.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 19\" width=\"330\" height=\"466\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 17.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f<br \/>\n1.40 x 10-<sup>10<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?\u00a0\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2008)<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u092c\u0940) \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0948<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>300 K \u092a\u0930 kT\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03bb = 1.40 x 10\u00a0<sup>-10<\/sup>\u00a0m \u0938\u093e\u0925<br \/>\n\u0939\u0940, h = 6.63 X 10\u00a0<sup>-34\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0Js<br \/>\n\u0914\u0930 m = 1.67 x 10\u00a0<sup>-27<\/sup>\u00a0kg<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53990\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-20.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 20\" width=\"272\" height=\"67\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53991\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-21.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 21\" width=\"380\" height=\"401\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 18.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53992\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-22.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 22\" width=\"389\" height=\"237\" \/><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 19.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 300 K \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0(\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 = 14.0076 u)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54001\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-23.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 23\" width=\"415\" height=\"274\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 20\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0909\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 500 \u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0921\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936&#8217; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092e 1.76 x 10<sup>11<\/sup>C kg<sup>-1 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/sup>\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n(\u090f) 10 \u090f\u092e\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54023\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-24.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 24\" width=\"393\" height=\"686\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54038\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-25.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 25\" width=\"215\" height=\"182\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54041\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-26.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 26\" width=\"286\" height=\"259\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 21.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) 5.20 x 10\u00a0<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938\u00a0<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u00a0\u092c\u0940\u092e \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0932\u00a0.30 x 10\u00a0<sup>-4<\/sup>\u00a0\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u00a0\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092e 1.76 X 10\u00a0<sup>11<\/sup>\u00a0C \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u00a0<sup>-1 \u0915\u0947<\/sup>\u00a0\u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u00a0?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a<br \/>\n(\u090f)\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a020 MeV \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0= 5.20 x 10\u00a0<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938<sup>\u0967<br \/>\n<\/sup>\u092c\u0940 = \u0967.\u0969\u0966 x \u0967\u0966\u00a0<sup>\u096a<\/sup>\u00a0\u091f\u0940<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54042\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-27.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 27\" width=\"288\" height=\"248\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u092d\u093e\u0917 (\u090f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u090f\u092e<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54043\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-28.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 28\" width=\"256\" height=\"175\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 22\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n100 \u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0942\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 (~ 10\u00a0<sup>-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u090f\u091a\u091c\u0940)\u00a0\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902\u00a0\u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a02.83 x 10\u00a0<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0T\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a012.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0(\u092a\u0925 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c&#8217; \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0908\/\u090f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54044\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-29.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 29\" width=\"378\" height=\"406\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 23.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924 (45<br \/>\n) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?(\u092c\u0940) \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 (\u090f), \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f (\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f) \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54045\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-30.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 30\" width=\"375\" height=\"424\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 24.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e 10.2 BeV \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928-\u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b y-\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 -\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0(1 BeV = 10<sup>9<\/sup>eV)<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong>\u00a0-\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902<br \/>\n\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928<br \/>\n\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e= 10 .2 BeV\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u03b3 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54046\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-31.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 31\" width=\"303\" height=\"263\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 25 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948!\u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 &#8216;\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940&#8217; \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940, \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u096b\u0966\u0966 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0967\u0966 kW \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0947\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (~ 10\u00a0<sup>_1<\/sup>\u00a0\u00b0 W m\u00a0<sup>-2<\/sup>\u00a0)\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u0941\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 0.4 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u00a0<sup>2 \u0932\u0947\u0902<\/sup>\u00a0, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 6 x 10\u00a0<sup>14<br \/>\n<\/sup><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54047\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-32.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 32\" width=\"324\" height=\"354\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-33.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 33\" width=\"386\" height=\"303\" \/><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e (\u090f) \u0914\u0930 (\u092c\u0940) \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 26.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 2271 A \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092c\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0928\u092e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b-\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0935 -1.3 V \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964\u00a0\u0939\u0947-\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f 6328 A \u0915\u0940\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<br \/>\n(~ 10<sup>s<\/sup>Wm-<sup>2<\/sup>) \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n<strong>[\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 \u0968\u0966\u0966\u096b, \u092f\u0942\u0938\u0940, \u0967\u0969]<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54049\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-34.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 34\" width=\"386\" height=\"560\" \/><br \/>\n\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 27.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u0948\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0947<br \/>\n640.2 nm (1 nm = 10<sup>-9<\/sup>m)\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0938\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u091f\u0902\u0917\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094b 0.54 V \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 427.2 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b-\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u090f \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54050\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-35.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 35\" width=\"422\" height=\"489\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 28.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0948\u0902\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u091b\u094b\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0Rubidium \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e:<br \/>\n\u03bb<sub>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/sub>= 3650 \u00c5, \u03bb<sub>2<\/sub>= 4047 \u00c5, \u03bb<sub>3<\/sub>= 4358 \u00c5, \u03bb<sub>4<\/sub>= 5461 \u00c5, \u03bb<sub>5<\/sub>= 6907 a\u0964<br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e:<br \/>\n\u0935\u0940<sub>01<\/sub>= 1.28 \u0935\u0940, \u0935\u0940<sub>02<\/sub>= 0.95 \u0935\u0940, \u090f\u092b<sub>03<\/sub>= 0.74 \u0935\u0940, = 0.16 \u0935\u0940, \u0935\u0940<sub>05<\/sub>= 0 \u0935\u0940<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0939\u0932\u0940\u091c \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54052\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-36.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 36\" width=\"139\" height=\"67\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54053\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-37.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 37\" width=\"374\" height=\"535\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54054\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-38.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 38\" width=\"390\" height=\"522\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54055\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-39.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 39\" width=\"252\" height=\"88\" \/><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 29\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948: Na: 2.75 eV;\u00a0\u0915\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0930: 2.30 \u0908\u0935\u0940;\u00a0\u092e\u094b: 417 \u0908\u0935\u0940;\u00a0\u0928\u0940: 515 \u0908\u0935\u0940\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 1 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f He-Cd \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 3300 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940?\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0914\u0930 50 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f?\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2009)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, = \u0969\u0969\u0966\u0966 \u090f = \u0969\u0969\u0966\u0966 x \u0967\u0966\u00a0<sup>\u0967\u0966<\/sup>\u00a0\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<br \/>\n\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940, r&#8217; = 1 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 r&#8217; = \u096b\u0966 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 = \u0966.\u096b \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<br \/>\n\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54056\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-40.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 40\" width=\"280\" height=\"180\" \/><br \/>\n\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e E, Mo \u0914\u0930 Ni \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f Mo \u0914\u0930 Ni \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 (1 \u03b1 1\/r\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0) \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 30.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 10<sup>-5<\/sup>W m<sup>-2<\/sup>\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 2 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<sup>2 \u0915\u0947<\/sup>\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 5 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2 eV \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\nA = 2 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<sup>2<\/sup>= 2 x 10<sup>-4<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<sup>2<br \/>\n<\/sup>\u03c6 = 2eV = 2 x 1.6 x 10<sup>-19<\/sup>J<br \/>\n= 3.2 X 10<sup>-19<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0J\u0964<br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e 10<sup>-10<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 r<sup>2<\/sup>= 10\u00a0<sup>-20<\/sup>\u00a0\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u0964<br \/>\n.&#8217;.\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54057\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-41.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 41\" width=\"187\" height=\"104\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54058\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-42.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 42\" width=\"399\" height=\"263\" \/><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 10\u00a0<sup>9<\/sup>\u00a0\u090f\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964 .\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b-\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 31.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0(\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b 1 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948) (m<sub>e<\/sub>= \u096f.\u0967\u0967 x<sup>\u0967\u0966-\u0969\u0967<\/sup>\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e)\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54059\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-43.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 43\" width=\"391\" height=\"460\" \/><br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 32.<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) 150 eV \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 44 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0902\u091c \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<br \/>\n\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964\u00a0(\u090f\u092e<sub>\u090f\u0928<\/sub>= \u0967.\u096c\u096d\u096b x<sup>\u0967\u0966-\u0968\u096d<\/sup>\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b)\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (27 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0938) \u092a\u0930 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54060\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-44.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 44\" width=\"391\" height=\"254\" \/><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0918\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u094c \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54061\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-45.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 45\" width=\"379\" height=\"187\" \/><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54062\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-46.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 46\" width=\"85\" height=\"50\" \/><br \/>\n\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940 Broglie \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>Question 33.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a 50 kV \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0930, \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u094b \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0940\u0932\u0940<br \/>\n\u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54064\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-47.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 47\" width=\"302\" height=\"76\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54066\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-48.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 48\" width=\"381\" height=\"303\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 34.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e 10<sup>-15<\/sup>. \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908-\u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 1970 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0928\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u092f\u0942\u090f\u0938\u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0902\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0(\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e = 0.511 MeV)\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54067\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-49.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 49\" width=\"384\" height=\"423\" \/><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e BeV \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 35.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (27 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0938) \u0914\u0930 1 \u090f\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 T = 27 \u00b0C = 27 + 273 = 300 K<br \/>\nP = 1 atm = 1.01 x 10<sup>5<\/sup>Nm<sup>-2<br \/>\n<\/sup>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-50.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 50\" width=\"390\" height=\"580\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 36.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 27\u00b0C \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2 x 10<sup>_10<\/sup>\u00a0m \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, T = 27\u00b0C = 27 + 273 = 300 K<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54071\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-51.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 51\" width=\"384\" height=\"242\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 37.<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>:<br \/>\n<\/strong>(\u090f) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 [(+2\/3) \u0908;\u00a0(- \u090f\u0932\/3)\u0908]\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0947 *\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0932-\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0939\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947?<br \/>\n(c) \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<br \/>\n(d) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u00a0\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0908) \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54072\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-52.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 52\" width=\"134\" height=\"44\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0911\u092f\u0932-\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-54074\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-11-Dual-Nature-of-Radiation-and-Matter-53.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 53\" width=\"392\" height=\"245\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930, \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 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\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">(\u0908)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">\u00a0\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0908 = \u090f\u091a\u0935\u0940 =<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>m(\u03bbv)\u00a0<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u03bbv \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 11 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 11 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0\u00a0\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 11 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter \u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2175\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}