{"id":1077,"date":"2025-01-11T03:58:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-11T03:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmsicl.in\/?p=1077"},"modified":"2025-01-11T03:58:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-11T03:58:03","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-9-ray-optics-and-optical-instruments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-physics-chapter-9-ray-optics-and-optical-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><span class=\"\">\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"\">\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938<\/span><span class=\"\">\u00a0\u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"\">\u0964\u00a0<\/span>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\" style=\"text-align: center\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments<\/h1>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-1\">\n<div id=\"bsa-zone_1600446116715-9_123456\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0920\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>NCERT Solutions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong><br \/>\n2.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 36 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 27 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?\u00a0\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, h = 2.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, u = &#8211; 27 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, R = &#8211; 36 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53207\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-1.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 1\" width=\"399\" height=\"384\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915, \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u092c \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940) \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 18 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u092c \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 18 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092e\u092c\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong><br \/>\n15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 12 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 4.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, h<sub>1<\/sub>= 4.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, \u03bc = &#8211; 12 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, f = 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53208\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-2.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 2\" width=\"389\" height=\"350\" \/><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940, \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u091f\u0902\u0915\u0940 12.5 cm \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 9.4 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.63 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2009)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53209\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-3.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 3\" width=\"400\" height=\"258\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-2\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 (\u090f) \u0914\u0930 (\u092c\u0940) \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 60 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a-\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932-\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0932-\u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0938\u0947 45\u00b0 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 [\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\u00a0(c)]<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-4.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 4\" width=\"303\" height=\"280\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53211\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-5.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 5\" width=\"388\" height=\"410\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c 80 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u091f\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.33 \u0939\u0948 (\u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902)\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53212\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-6.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 6\" width=\"269\" height=\"202\" \/><br \/>\n\u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c \u092c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 (\u03b8<sub>\u0938\u0940<\/sub>), \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u00a0<sub>C<\/sub>\u00a0\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940\u00a0\u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e r \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-7.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 7 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 7\" width=\"395\" height=\"445\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 40\u00b0 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 (\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.33) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 60\u00b0 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53603\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-8.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 8\" width=\"299\" height=\"356\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53604\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-9.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 9\" width=\"321\" height=\"275\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0921\u092c\u0932-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 1.55 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092b\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, n = 1.55, R<sub>1<\/sub>= R \u0914\u0930 R<sub>2<\/sub>= &#8211; R, f = 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53605\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-10.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 10\" width=\"376\" height=\"223\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<br \/>\n\u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 P \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 (a) \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0939\u0948, (b) \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 16 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0940\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0940\u092e \u092a\u0940<sub>\u091f\u0940<\/sub>\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e<sub>\u0939\u0948<\/sub>.\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 P \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n\u0905\u092c, u = 12 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, f= 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53606\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-11.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 11\" width=\"305\" height=\"317\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53607\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-12.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 12\" width=\"396\" height=\"467\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 9.<\/strong><br \/>\n3.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 21 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 14 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-13.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 13\" width=\"323\" height=\"318\" \/><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940, \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 8.4 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 10.<\/strong><br \/>\n20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 30 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 f<sub>1<\/sub>= 30 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 f<sub>2<\/sub>= -20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<br \/>\n\u0926\u094b \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53609\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-14.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 14\" width=\"264\" height=\"116\" \/><br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 11.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 2-0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 6.25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f (\u090f) \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 (25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940), (\u092c\u0940) \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924?\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2008)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, f<sub>n<\/sub>=2.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, f = 6.25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940,<br \/>\n\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 = 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 (\u090f) \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53610\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-15.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 15\" width=\"398\" height=\"566\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53611\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-16.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 16\" width=\"394\" height=\"552\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 12.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<span class=\"MSGENFONTSTYLENAMETEMPLATEROLENUMBERMSGENFONTSTYLENAMEBYROLETEXT16MSGENFONTSTYLEMODIFERSIZE10\">8.0<\/span>\u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0914\u0930 2.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 9.0 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53612\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-17.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 17\" width=\"361\" height=\"408\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53613\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-18.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 18\" width=\"393\" height=\"310\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 13.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 144 cm \u0939\u0948 \u200b\u200b\u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 6.0 cm \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940, f\u00a0<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0= 144 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53614\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-19.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 19\" width=\"360\" height=\"138\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 14.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 15 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f 1.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0969.\u096a\u096e x \u0967\u0966<sup>\u096c<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0969.\u096e x \u0967\u0966<sup>\u096e<\/sup>\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2008, 2011)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53625\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-20.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 20\" width=\"400\" height=\"313\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 15.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f<br \/>\n(a) \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 f \u0914\u0930 2f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 2f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u0921\u0940) \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<strong>(\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0908 2011)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-21.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 21\" width=\"386\" height=\"533\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53660\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-22.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 22\" width=\"399\" height=\"286\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53672\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-23.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 23\" width=\"396\" height=\"237\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 16.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u0949\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0928 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0948\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0920\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n\u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 = 1.5.\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0948\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, t = 15 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940, n = 1.5<br \/>\n\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53674\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-24.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 24\" width=\"346\" height=\"98\" \/><br \/>\n\u0906\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0948\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 17.<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f 1.68 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.44 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0916) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 ?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-25.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 25\" width=\"356\" height=\"125\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53676\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-26.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 26\" width=\"387\" height=\"194\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53677\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-27.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 27\" width=\"444\" height=\"260\" \/><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f 0 \u0938\u0947 90\u00b0 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 18.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<strong>\u00a0\u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f<\/strong>\u00a0:<br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f, \u0939\u092e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928&#8217; (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928\u093e) \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0917) \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093f\u0930\u091b\u0940 \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u093e \u0917\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0918) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0924\u093f\u0930\u091b\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n(e) \u0939\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0940\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-28.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 28\" width=\"328\" height=\"423\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f AB \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091d\u0941\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 B \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 B&#8217; \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 AB&#8217; \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 AB \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53679\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-29.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 29\" width=\"213\" height=\"236\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0921\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-30.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 30\" width=\"346\" height=\"243\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0967\u096f.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 3 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 L = 4f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 20.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 90 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 20 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0913 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 I \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u090f\u0932<sub>1 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948<\/sub>\u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090f\u0932<sub>2<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-31.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 31\" width=\"385\" height=\"360\" \/><br \/>\n<\/sub><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 21 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 910 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 8.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b 1.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 40 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-32.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 32\" width=\"405\" height=\"339\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-33.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 33\" width=\"399\" height=\"585\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53685\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-34.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 34\" width=\"403\" height=\"513\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 22.<\/strong><br \/>\n60\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091d\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947?\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.524 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092b\u0932\u0915 AB \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0923 i \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0932\u0915 AC \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53686\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-35.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 35\" width=\"407\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 23.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b(\u090f)\u00a0\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0947\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e(\u092c\u0940)\u0938\u092b\u0947\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e (\u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e)\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<br \/>\n\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53687\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-36.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 36\" width=\"397\" height=\"361\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53689\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-37.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 37\" width=\"325\" height=\"104\" \/><br \/>\n\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 24.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2.5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u096a\u0966 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0968\u0966 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e {\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u091c\u092c \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f = 40 + 20 = 60 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53690\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-38.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 38\" width=\"398\" height=\"505\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 25.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e (\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918-\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f (\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0916\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 ?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u0902\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 26.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0947 &#8211; 1.0 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0947+2\u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930<br \/>\n\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u0940\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><br \/>\n-1.0 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 1 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 100 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 100 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 100 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53702\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-39.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 39\" width=\"398\" height=\"121\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 27.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0948\u0937\u092e\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 28.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53736\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-40.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 40\" width=\"423\" height=\"215\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53765\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-41.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 41\" width=\"393\" height=\"322\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 29.<\/strong><br \/>\n1 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<sup>2<\/sup>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0936\u0940\u091f\u0915\u094b 9 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a (\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\/\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(c) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e<br \/>\n(1) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<br \/>\n(2)\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u00a0?\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53785\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-42.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 42\" width=\"387\" height=\"279\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0908\u0964\u00a0\u0935\u0940 = \u0921\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0969\u0966.<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\/\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u0938\u0940) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u03c5 = -25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940;\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940, f = 10 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53808\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-43.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 43\" width=\"333\" height=\"281\" \/><br \/>\n=&gt; \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 31.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 6.25 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<sup>2 \u0939\u0948<\/sup>?\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53861\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-44.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 44\" width=\"390\" height=\"329\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 32.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0902:<br \/>\n(<\/strong>\u090f<strong>)\u00a0<\/strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0921\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0908)<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?\u00a0\u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u090f)<\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b 25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b 25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a025 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u092c\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0964\u00a0\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0938\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0925\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0925\u0928 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0921\u0940)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (1+D\/f\u00a0<sub>e<\/sub>\u00a0) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u03c5\/f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0.\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0901\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 f\u00a0<sub>e \u0915\u0940<\/sub>\u00a0\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f f\u00a0<sub>e<\/sub>\u00a0\u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908\u00a0\u00a0\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0908)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u0910\u092a\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0910\u092a\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0915\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0908-\u092a\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 33.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 1.25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 5 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 30 X \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f) \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0906\u092a \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 ?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53896\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-45.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 45\" width=\"328\" height=\"305\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53897\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-46.png\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 46\" width=\"407\" height=\"480\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 34<\/strong>\u00a0\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948<strong>\u00a0\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 140 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 5.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u091c\u092c \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f (25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53898\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-47.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 47\" width=\"405\" height=\"240\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 35.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, 9.34<br \/>\n(\u090f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(\u092c\u0940) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 3 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 100 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n(c) \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c 25 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 f\u00a0<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0+ f\u00a0<sub>e<\/sub>\u00a0= 140 + 5 = 145 cm<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53899\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-48.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 48\" width=\"428\" height=\"319\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 36 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0938\u0947\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 20 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e 220 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 140 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53901\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-49.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 49\" width=\"296\" height=\"154\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-50.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 50\" width=\"397\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 37.<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 (\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 1.50 \u0915\u093e) \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964\u00a0\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 45.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0928\u0908 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 30.0 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53903\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-51.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 51\" width=\"233\" height=\"235\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 f = 45 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0964\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 n = 1.5<br \/>\n\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 f = 30 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<br \/>\n.&#8217;\u0964\u00a0\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u091a\u00a0<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-53905\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/10\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-12-Physics-Chapter-9-Ray-Optics-and-Optical-Instruments-52.png\" alt=\"\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 52\" width=\"393\" height=\"634\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u00a0\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 12 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 9 \u0930\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 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