{"id":3900,"date":"2025-03-29T15:58:32","date_gmt":"2025-03-29T15:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sp0m.org\/?p=3900"},"modified":"2025-03-29T15:58:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T15:58:32","slug":"%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b9%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e | \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.\u00a0<strong>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e 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\u0915\u0947\u00a0<strong>Moneta<\/strong>\u00a0\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f (exchange) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a, \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 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id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span 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\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092c \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u092f<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948-<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_Inside_money\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Inside money)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b| \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u090b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947\u00a0<strong>\u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948|<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_outside_money\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (outside money)<\/h3>\n<p>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0964<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_Fiat_money\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u092b\u093f\u090f\u091f \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0940\u0917\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 (Fiat money)<\/h3>\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902. \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u095e\u093f\u090f\u091f \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0940\u0917\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948. \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094b\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0940\u0917\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0939\u0948. \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948. \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>\u0928\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0917\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930<\/h3>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (Statutory obligation) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0916\u0914\u0930 \u0908\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: Cheque, Bill of Exchange,\u00a0Promissory note\u00a0\u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"48\"><strong data-start=\"2\" data-end=\"46\">\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Money) \u2013 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"50\" data-end=\"96\"><strong data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"94\">\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Meaning of Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"318\">\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Money) \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"196\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928-\u0926\u0947\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"257\">\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0942 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"320\" data-end=\"425\"><strong data-start=\"322\" data-end=\"340\">\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 <strong data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"394\">\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f (Exchange)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"485\"><strong data-start=\"435\" data-end=\"483\">\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Definition of Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"645\"><strong data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"524\">\u092a\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0948\u092e\u0941\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0928 (Paul Samuelson):<\/strong><br data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"527\" \/><em data-start=\"527\" data-end=\"643\">&#8220;\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"647\" data-end=\"772\"><strong data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"673\">\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0925\u0930 (Crowther):<\/strong><br data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"676\" \/><em data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"770\">&#8220;\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"901\"><strong data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"807\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 (RBI):<\/strong><br data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"810\" \/><em data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"899\">&#8220;\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"953\"><strong data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"951\">\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1018\">\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"990\">\u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1067\"><strong data-start=\"1024\" data-end=\"1067\">\u00a0\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Traditional Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1320\"><strong data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1106\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Commodity Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<br data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1182\" \/><strong data-start=\"1186\" data-end=\"1229\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Representative Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947-\u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1322\" data-end=\"1364\"><strong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1362\">\u00a0\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Modern Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1858\"><strong data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1397\">\u092b\u093f\u090f\u091f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Fiat Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1528\">\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u093e, \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b<\/strong>\u0964<br data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1532\" \/><strong data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1572\">\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Plastic Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1625\">\u0921\u0947\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092a\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/strong> \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<br data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1633\" \/><strong data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1670\">\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Digital Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong data-start=\"1715\" data-end=\"1754\">UPI, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<br data-start=\"1755\" data-end=\"1758\" \/><strong data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1790\">\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (Bank Money)<\/strong> \u2013 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0947\u0915, \u0921\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1913\"><strong data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1911\">\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Functions of Money)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1914\" data-end=\"2259\"><strong data-start=\"1916\" data-end=\"1957\">\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (Medium of Exchange)<\/strong> \u2013 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u0932\u093e-\u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<br data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2009\" \/><strong data-start=\"2011\" data-end=\"2047\">\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915 (Measure of Value)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<br data-start=\"2094\" data-end=\"2097\" \/><strong data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2139\">\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 (Standard of Payment)<\/strong> \u2013 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<br data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2176\" \/><strong data-start=\"2178\" data-end=\"2213\">\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 (Store of Value)<\/strong> \u2013 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2266\" data-end=\"2286\"><strong data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2284\">\u00a0\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2287\" data-end=\"2515\">\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 <strong data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2400\">\u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947-\u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u091c <strong data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2488\">\u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c\u0940, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u00a0\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u00a0\u0915\u092e \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b\u00a0\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1010],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-currency-in-hindi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3900\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/hindigyan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}