{"id":1815,"date":"2025-04-01T11:30:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-01T11:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/topperpoint.com\/?p=1815"},"modified":"2025-04-01T11:30:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T11:30:43","slug":"tnpsc-trb-rrb-chemistry-study-material-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/tnpsc-trb-rrb-chemistry-study-material-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"TNPSC, TRB, RRB Chemistry Study Material Part -3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2023\/02\/chemistry2B3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf &#8211;\u00a0III<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TNPSC\u00a0\u0baa\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc7, TNPSC, RRB\u00a0\u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc7\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u00a0PDF\u00a0\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baf \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u00a01,\u00a0\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u00a02\u00a0\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.\u00a0\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1\u00a0TNPSC Gp-2, Gp-2A, Gp-4\u00a0\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b95\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u00a0DOWNLOAD\u00a0\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u00a0PDF\u00a0\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u00a0Link &#8211;\u00a0\u0b90 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u00a0Download\u00a0\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preview Material&#8230;<\/strong><br \/>https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JhmJooP-ZHUiEspQpL_aKH7dwfueA0tK\/preview<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Download Link is Here&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chemistry 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JhmJooP-ZHUiEspQpL_aKH7dwfueA0tK\/preview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOWNLOAD LINK<br \/><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u00a0PDF\u00a0\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u00a0UPLOAD\u00a0\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u00a0ACADEMY MATERIAL\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u00a0COPYRIGHT MATERIAL\u00a0\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bb3\u00a0E &#8211; MAIL\u00a0\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0b85\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc7,\u00a0TNPSC Group\u00a0\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc7\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u00a0&amp;\u00a0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u00a0Study Material\u00a0\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b95\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b87\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u00a0\u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u00a0TRB Study Material-\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0b9a\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd.\u0b8f\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd,\u00a0\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc7 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u00a0COMMENT BOX-\u00a0\u0b90\u00a0Click\u00a0\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd\u00a0\u00a0\u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bc1\u00a0\u00a0\u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u00a0E-Mail ID -\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"182\">Here\u2019s <strong data-start=\"7\" data-end=\"49\">Part-3 of the Chemistry Study Material<\/strong> for <strong data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"63\">TNPSC<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"72\">TRB<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"85\">RRB<\/strong> exams, focusing on advanced concepts in <strong data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"139\">Chemistry<\/strong>, which are important for your preparation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"371\">This section covers more specialized topics in <strong data-start=\"231\" data-end=\"244\">Chemistry<\/strong> related to <strong data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"277\">Organic Chemistry<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"302\">Inorganic Chemistry<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"308\" data-end=\"335\">Environmental Chemistry<\/strong>, which are important for the exams.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"406\"><strong data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"406\">1. Organic Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"438\"><strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"438\">Aromatic Hydrocarbons<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"911\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"714\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"472\">Benzene and its Derivatives<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"714\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"532\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"532\"><strong data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"502\">Structure of Benzene<\/strong>: Resonance, Kekul\u00e9 structure.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"600\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"600\"><strong data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"552\">Aromaticity<\/strong>: Concept of Huckel&#8217;s Rule (4n + 2 \u03c0-electrons).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"711\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"711\"><strong data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"645\">Electrophilic Substitution Reactions<\/strong>: Nitration, Sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"911\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"762\"><strong data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"761\">Reactions of Benzene and its Derivatives<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"911\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"809\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"809\"><strong data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"808\">Bromination, Chlorination, Iodination<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"855\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"855\"><strong data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"827\">Nitration<\/strong>: Formation of nitrobenzene.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"911\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"911\"><strong data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"875\">Sulfonation<\/strong>: Formation of benzenesulfonic acid.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"928\"><strong data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"928\">Amines<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"1166\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"991\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"991\"><strong data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"949\">Classification<\/strong>: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1055\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1055\"><strong data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1017\">Physical Properties<\/strong>: Boiling points, solubility in water.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1166\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1166\"><strong data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1080\">Chemical Reactions<\/strong>: Formation of diazonium salts, Hoffmann Bromamide reaction, and reactions with acids.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1198\"><strong data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1198\">Aldehydes and Ketones<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1521\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1273\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1273\"><strong data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1217\">Nomenclature<\/strong>: IUPAC names and common names of aldehydes and ketones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1363\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1363\"><strong data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1290\">Properties<\/strong>: Nucleophilic addition reactions, formation of hemiacetals, and acetals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1521\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1395\"><strong data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1394\">Carbonyl Group Reactions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1521\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1456\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1456\"><strong data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1413\">Reduction<\/strong>: Aldehydes and ketones reduce to alcohols.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1459\" data-end=\"1518\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1518\"><strong data-start=\"1461\" data-end=\"1494\">Addition of Grignard Reagents<\/strong>: Formation of alcohols.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1563\"><strong data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1563\">Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1858\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1616\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1616\"><strong data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1582\">Nomenclature<\/strong>: IUPAC names of carboxylic acids.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1707\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1707\"><strong data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1633\">Properties<\/strong>: Stronger acids than alcohols, undergoes decarboxylation, esterification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1708\" data-end=\"1858\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1724\"><strong data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1723\">Reactions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1727\" data-end=\"1858\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1727\" data-end=\"1793\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"1793\"><strong data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"1747\">Esterification<\/strong>: Formation of esters from alcohols and acids.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1855\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1855\"><strong data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1811\">Reduction<\/strong>: Reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"1859\" data-end=\"1876\"><strong data-start=\"1864\" data-end=\"1876\">Polymers<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"2119\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1975\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1879\" data-end=\"1975\"><strong data-start=\"1879\" data-end=\"1909\">Classification of Polymers<\/strong>: Addition (Chain Growth) and Condensation (Step Growth) polymers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1976\" data-end=\"2037\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2037\"><strong data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"1990\">Examples<\/strong>: Polythene, Nylon, Bakelite, Teflon, PVC, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2038\" data-end=\"2119\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2119\"><strong data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2060\">Uses of Polymers<\/strong>: In various industries like plastic, rubber, and medicine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2156\"><strong data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2156\">2. Inorganic Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"2158\" data-end=\"2189\"><strong data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2189\">Coordination Chemistry<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"2190\" data-end=\"2549\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2190\" data-end=\"2273\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2273\"><strong data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2203\">Ligands<\/strong>: Classification of ligands (Monodentate, Bidentate, and Polydentate).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2274\" data-end=\"2361\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2361\"><strong data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2299\">Coordination Number<\/strong>: Number of ligand atoms directly bonded to the central metal.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2362\" data-end=\"2549\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2364\" data-end=\"2400\"><strong data-start=\"2364\" data-end=\"2399\">Types of Coordination Compounds<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2549\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2452\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2452\"><strong data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2451\">Octahedral, Tetrahedral, and Square Planar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2455\" data-end=\"2546\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2457\" data-end=\"2546\"><strong data-start=\"2457\" data-end=\"2483\">Stability of Complexes<\/strong>: Factors affecting stability (Chelation, Ligand Field Theory).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2615\"><strong data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2615\">Valency Bond Theory (VBT) and Crystal Field Theory (CFT)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"2616\" data-end=\"2788\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2616\" data-end=\"2694\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2618\" data-end=\"2694\"><strong data-start=\"2618\" data-end=\"2641\">Valency Bond Theory<\/strong>: Concept of hybridization in coordination compounds.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2695\" data-end=\"2788\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2788\"><strong data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2721\">Crystal Field Theory<\/strong>: Explanation of color, magnetism, and geometry of metal complexes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"2790\" data-end=\"2818\"><strong data-start=\"2795\" data-end=\"2818\">Periodic Properties<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"3147\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"2898\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2821\" data-end=\"2898\"><strong data-start=\"2821\" data-end=\"2836\">Atomic Size<\/strong>: Trends in the periodic table, factors affecting atomic size.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"2979\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"2979\"><strong data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"2922\">Ionization Energy<\/strong>: The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3063\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2982\" data-end=\"3063\"><strong data-start=\"2982\" data-end=\"3003\">Electron Affinity<\/strong>: Energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3144\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3144\"><strong data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3087\">Electronegativity<\/strong>: The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3148\" data-end=\"3176\"><strong data-start=\"3153\" data-end=\"3176\">Transition Elements<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"3177\" data-end=\"3379\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3177\" data-end=\"3279\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3279\"><strong data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3193\">Properties<\/strong>: Variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and catalytic properties.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3280\" data-end=\"3379\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3282\" data-end=\"3379\"><strong data-start=\"3282\" data-end=\"3311\">Lanthanides and Actinides<\/strong>: Inner transition elements, their uses, and radioactive properties.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3386\" data-end=\"3415\"><strong data-start=\"3390\" data-end=\"3415\">3. Physical Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"3417\" data-end=\"3442\"><strong data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3442\">Electrochemistry<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"3443\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3443\" data-end=\"3670\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3471\"><strong data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3470\">Electrochemical Cells<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3670\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3570\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3570\"><strong data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3494\">Galvanic Cells<\/strong>: Cells that generate electrical energy from spontaneous chemical reactions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3573\" data-end=\"3670\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3670\"><strong data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3597\">Electrolytic Cells<\/strong>: Cells in which non-spontaneous reactions occur using electrical energy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3671\" data-end=\"3749\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3749\"><strong data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3705\">Standard Electrode Potential<\/strong>: Concept and calculation of cell potential.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3750\" data-end=\"3881\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3839\"><strong data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3771\">Nernst Equation<\/strong>: Formula to calculate cell potential under non-standard conditions.<\/p>\n<span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">E=E0\u2212RTnFln\u2061QE = E^0 &#8211; \\frac{RT}{nF} \\ln Q<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">n<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">RT<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mop\">ln<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">Q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3922\"><strong data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3921\">Faraday\u2019s Laws of Electrolysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3925\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3925\" data-end=\"4023\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"4023\"><strong data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3940\">First Law<\/strong>: Mass of the substance deposited is proportional to the quantity of charge passed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4026\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4028\" data-end=\"4167\"><strong data-start=\"4028\" data-end=\"4042\">Second Law<\/strong>: The amount of different substances deposited by the same amount of electricity is proportional to their equivalent weights.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4169\" data-end=\"4212\"><strong data-start=\"4174\" data-end=\"4212\">Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4213\" data-end=\"4514\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4213\" data-end=\"4285\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4215\" data-end=\"4285\"><strong data-start=\"4215\" data-end=\"4246\">First Law of Thermodynamics<\/strong>: Energy conservation law (\u0394U = Q &#8211; W).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4358\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4358\"><strong data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4320\">Second Law of Thermodynamics<\/strong>: Entropy change in a system (\u0394S \u2265 0).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4514\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4383\"><strong data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4382\">Gibbs Free Energy<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4514\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4386\" data-end=\"4435\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4388\" data-end=\"4435\">Formula: <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394G=\u0394H\u2212T\u0394S\\Delta G = \\Delta H &#8211; T\\Delta S<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">G<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">H<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">T<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">S<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4438\" data-end=\"4514\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4440\" data-end=\"4514\"><strong data-start=\"4440\" data-end=\"4468\">Spontaneity of Reactions<\/strong>: A reaction is spontaneous if \u0394G is negative.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4516\" data-end=\"4542\"><strong data-start=\"4521\" data-end=\"4542\">Chemical Kinetics<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4543\" data-end=\"4809\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4543\" data-end=\"4609\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4545\" data-end=\"4609\"><strong data-start=\"4545\" data-end=\"4565\">Rate of Reaction<\/strong>: Rate of change of concentration with time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4610\" data-end=\"4693\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4612\" data-end=\"4693\"><strong data-start=\"4612\" data-end=\"4633\">Order of Reaction<\/strong>: Zero, First, and Second Order Reactions, and the rate law.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4694\" data-end=\"4806\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4696\" data-end=\"4768\"><strong data-start=\"4696\" data-end=\"4718\">Arrhenius Equation<\/strong>: The temperature dependence of the rate constant.<\/p>\n<span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">k=Ae\u2212EaRTk = A e^{-\\frac{E_a}{RT}}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">k<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">e<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u2212<span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">RT<\/span><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">E<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"4810\" data-end=\"4836\"><strong data-start=\"4815\" data-end=\"4836\">Surface Chemistry<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"4837\" data-end=\"5080\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4837\" data-end=\"4928\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4839\" data-end=\"4928\"><strong data-start=\"4839\" data-end=\"4853\">Adsorption<\/strong>: Process of accumulation of molecules at the surface of solids or liquids.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4929\" data-end=\"5077\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4931\" data-end=\"5077\"><strong data-start=\"4931\" data-end=\"4944\">Catalysis<\/strong>: Increase in the rate of reaction by a substance that is not consumed during the reaction (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5081\" data-end=\"5098\"><strong data-start=\"5086\" data-end=\"5098\">Colloids<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5099\" data-end=\"5297\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5099\" data-end=\"5191\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5191\"><strong data-start=\"5101\" data-end=\"5115\">Definition<\/strong>: Mixtures where one substance is dispersed in another, e.g., soap in water.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5192\" data-end=\"5246\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5194\" data-end=\"5246\"><strong data-start=\"5194\" data-end=\"5215\">Types of Colloids<\/strong>: Sols, Gels, Emulsions, Foams.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5247\" data-end=\"5297\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5249\" data-end=\"5297\"><strong data-start=\"5249\" data-end=\"5263\">Properties<\/strong>: Tyndall Effect, Brownian motion.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"5304\" data-end=\"5338\"><strong data-start=\"5308\" data-end=\"5338\">4. Environmental Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5340\" data-end=\"5383\"><strong data-start=\"5345\" data-end=\"5383\">Pollution and Environmental Impact<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5948\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5384\" data-end=\"5557\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5386\" data-end=\"5460\"><strong data-start=\"5386\" data-end=\"5403\">Air Pollution<\/strong>: Major pollutants, causes, and effects of air pollution.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5463\" data-end=\"5557\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5463\" data-end=\"5507\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5465\" data-end=\"5507\"><strong data-start=\"5465\" data-end=\"5487\">Primary Pollutants<\/strong>: CO, NO\u2082, SO\u2082, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5510\" data-end=\"5554\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5512\" data-end=\"5554\"><strong data-start=\"5512\" data-end=\"5536\">Secondary Pollutants<\/strong>: Ozone, PAN, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5558\" data-end=\"5764\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5560\" data-end=\"5649\"><strong data-start=\"5560\" data-end=\"5579\">Water Pollution<\/strong>: Types of water pollutants (organic and inorganic) and their effects.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5652\" data-end=\"5764\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5652\" data-end=\"5710\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5654\" data-end=\"5710\"><strong data-start=\"5654\" data-end=\"5670\">Heavy Metals<\/strong>: Effects of lead, mercury, and arsenic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5713\" data-end=\"5764\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5715\" data-end=\"5764\"><strong data-start=\"5715\" data-end=\"5734\">Water Treatment<\/strong>: Methods for purifying water.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5766\" data-end=\"5948\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5768\" data-end=\"5810\"><strong data-start=\"5768\" data-end=\"5786\">Soil Pollution<\/strong>: Causes and prevention.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5813\" data-end=\"5948\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5813\" data-end=\"5871\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5815\" data-end=\"5871\"><strong data-start=\"5815\" data-end=\"5845\">Pesticides and Fertilizers<\/strong>: Their role in pollution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5874\" data-end=\"5948\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5876\" data-end=\"5948\"><strong data-start=\"5876\" data-end=\"5897\">Soil Conservation<\/strong>: Methods like contour plowing and terrace farming.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"5950\" data-end=\"5992\"><strong data-start=\"5955\" data-end=\"5992\">Global Warming and Climate Change<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"5993\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"5993\" data-end=\"6082\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"5995\" data-end=\"6082\"><strong data-start=\"5995\" data-end=\"6015\">Greenhouse Gases<\/strong>: CO\u2082, CH\u2084, N\u2082O, and their role in trapping heat in the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6193\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6193\"><strong data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6114\">Effects of Global Warming<\/strong>: Melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels, and changing weather patterns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6197\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6199\" data-end=\"6225\"><strong data-start=\"6199\" data-end=\"6224\">Ozone Layer Depletion<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6228\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6228\" data-end=\"6308\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6308\"><strong data-start=\"6230\" data-end=\"6238\">CFCs<\/strong>: Their role in depleting the ozone layer and increasing UV radiation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6311\" data-end=\"6411\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6411\"><strong data-start=\"6313\" data-end=\"6334\">Montreal Protocol<\/strong>: International treaty to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"6418\" data-end=\"6449\"><strong data-start=\"6422\" data-end=\"6449\">5. Analytical Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"\" data-start=\"6451\" data-end=\"6497\"><strong data-start=\"6456\" data-end=\"6497\">Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul data-start=\"6498\" data-end=\"6900\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6498\" data-end=\"6684\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6500\" data-end=\"6525\"><strong data-start=\"6500\" data-end=\"6524\">Qualitative Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6528\" data-end=\"6684\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6528\" data-end=\"6612\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6612\">Tests for identification of anions (Cl\u207b, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b, NO\u2083\u207b) and cations (Na\u207a, K\u207a, Ca\u00b2\u207a).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6615\" data-end=\"6681\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6617\" data-end=\"6681\">Flame Tests: Identification of metal ions based on flame colors.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6685\" data-end=\"6900\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6687\" data-end=\"6713\"><strong data-start=\"6687\" data-end=\"6712\">Quantitative Analysis<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6716\" data-end=\"6900\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6716\" data-end=\"6807\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6718\" data-end=\"6807\"><strong data-start=\"6718\" data-end=\"6731\">Titration<\/strong>: Volumetric analysis to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6810\" data-end=\"6900\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6812\" data-end=\"6900\"><strong data-start=\"6812\" data-end=\"6836\">Gravimetric Analysis<\/strong>: Determining the quantity of a substance by measuring its mass.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"6907\" data-end=\"6946\"><strong data-start=\"6911\" data-end=\"6946\">Recommended Books for Chemistry<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"6947\" data-end=\"7163\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6947\" data-end=\"6986\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6950\" data-end=\"6986\"><strong data-start=\"6950\" data-end=\"6972\">Physical Chemistry<\/strong> by P. Bahadur<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"6987\" data-end=\"7032\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"6990\" data-end=\"7032\"><strong data-start=\"6990\" data-end=\"7011\">Organic Chemistry<\/strong> by Morrison and Boyd<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7033\" data-end=\"7071\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7036\" data-end=\"7071\"><strong data-start=\"7036\" data-end=\"7059\">Inorganic Chemistry<\/strong> by J.D. Lee<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7072\" data-end=\"7117\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7075\" data-end=\"7117\"><strong data-start=\"7075\" data-end=\"7096\">General Chemistry<\/strong> by Ebbing and Gammon<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"7118\" data-end=\"7163\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7121\" data-end=\"7163\"><strong data-start=\"7121\" data-end=\"7148\">Environmental Chemistry<\/strong> by B.K. Sharma<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7170\" data-end=\"7307\">By following these topics and focusing on solving practice papers, you\u2019ll be well-prepared for the <strong data-start=\"7269\" data-end=\"7278\">TNPSC<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"7280\" data-end=\"7287\">TRB<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"7293\" data-end=\"7300\">RRB<\/strong> exams.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"7309\" data-end=\"7397\">Let me know if you need more details or a specific explanation for any of the topics!<\/p>\n<h3>TNTET Study material and Book Download<\/h3>\n<p>Tamil Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1wDm9xiYLvyxDBpfuMooBLESZx1BA6_Ir\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>English\u00a0Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/15w4xVRFY-79nSyMHWHBH9JpCbAhm-9iN\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fertilizer &amp; Pesticides<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tamil Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1v1tFqfQOIT4E2pyz-g5urDsMyIG-NMfF\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>English\u00a0Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/17l7Ka9_gQm1km7WSmC30UNYLCJkJqssz\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Physics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nature of Universe (General Scientific Laws)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tamil Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1fIJxETmnpW219wdBEBfPd1B9ZozumTlb\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>English\u00a0Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Jean1l8iB5uUzGCL__AcMF4txRANtusa\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Measurement<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tamil Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1l2EnvNhML3l1eB7o6VPjsSNmJ0htv3Ev\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>English\u00a0Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1iVmNut9j9_Ooab31VK8HzfdjqMHwY9Hj\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Force and Motion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tamil Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1P_8vG4DKEzUIrgeig0AmLi21Kjb_WXLg\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n<p>English\u00a0Study Material :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/174IBOBDiW91t41pw-VjhUoXwhLl7uVmg\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf 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\u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u00a0PDF\u00a0\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baf \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u00a01,\u00a0\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u00a02\u00a0\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.\u00a0\u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1\u00a0TNPSC Gp-2, Gp-2A, Gp-4\u00a0\u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 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Preview Material&#8230;https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1JhmJooP-ZHUiEspQpL_aKH7dwfueA0tK\/preview Download [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tnpsc-study-material"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reilsolar.com\/ebook\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}